BIOL273 Study Guide - Final Guide: Bronchiole, Pulmonary Artery, Respiratory System

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5. 1 structure & function of the respiratory system. Multicellular organisms need a specialized respiratory organ coupled with circulatory system. Respiratory system allows for: gas exchange between atmosphere and blood, homeostatic regulation of body ph, protection from inhaled pathogens and irritating substances, vocalization. 4 main processes: ventilation gas exchange between atmosphere and lungs. Expiration (exhalation) air out of lungs: gas exchange between lungs and blood (co2 + o2, transport of gases by blood (co2 + o2, exchange of gases between blood and tissues. Structures involved in ventilation and gas exchange: conducting system airways, exchange surface alveoli, pumping system bones + muscles of thorax. Passages or airways environment to exchange surface. Upper respiratory tract mouth, nasal cavity, pharynx. Lower respiratory tract trachea, two primary bronchi, branches (respiratory tree bronchioles, terminal bronchioles), lungs (alveoli) Tiny hollow sacs at end of terminal bronchiole. Wrapped in extensive capillary network covers 80-90% of alveolar surface. Exchange occurs by diffusion between alveoli and capillary (pulmonary circuit)

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