BIOL359 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Cladistics, Even-Toed Ungulate, Molecular Phylogenetics
26 Apr 2013
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Document Summary
Phylogenetics: the study of ancestor descendent relationships, goal of studying is to construct phylogenies. Topic 7: phylogeny: phylogenetic tree: a graphical summary of a phylogeny. Phylogeny: a hypothesis of ancestor descendent relationships: based on morphological, physiological, molecular data or all three, today: dna sequence data (rapid evolving genes - recent vs. Slower evolving genes - overall: phylogeny is constructed based on phylogenetic characters. Phylogenetic characters: attribute of an organism that can provide us with insights to history. Nucleotide positions in molecular phylogenies: each position possess 4 character states: a, c, g, or t. Apomorphy: derived state, a character state different than the ancestral state: synapomorphy: derived character state shared by 2+ taxa due to inheritance from a common ancestor phylogenetically informative, identifies monophyletic groups (homology) Fur & lactations by mammals: autapomorphy: uniquely derived character state possessed by one lineage. Phylogeny and taxonomy: only no insight: monophyletic/clades: group with all of the descendent of a single common ancestor, non-monophyletic:
