CHEM237 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Blood Proteins, Fetal Hemoglobin, Phenylalanine
Document Summary
High entropy = high disorder, low entropy = low disorder. 2nd law of thermodynamics = universe tends towards maximum disorder. Biological systems extract energy from the universe to maintain the level of organization necessary for life (increase outer entropy to maintain lower inner entropy) Note: just (cid:271)e(cid:272)ause a (cid:396)ea(cid:272)tio(cid:374) is fa(cid:448)ou(cid:396)a(cid:271)le does(cid:374)"t (cid:373)ea(cid:374) it happe(cid:374)s (cid:449)ithout e(cid:374)e(cid:396)g(cid:455) i(cid:374)put. G = h - ts (gibbs free energy) G < (cid:1004) = (cid:894)e(cid:374)e(cid:396)g(cid:455) (cid:396)eleased(cid:895) G > (cid:1004) = (needs energy) G = (cid:1004) = rea(cid:272)tio(cid:374) at e(cid:395)uili(cid:271)(cid:396)iu(cid:373) Whe(cid:374) s > (cid:1004) a(cid:374)d h < 0, the process is always spontaneous as written. Whe(cid:374) s < (cid:1004) a(cid:374)d h > 0, the process is never spontaneous, but the reverse process is always spontaneous. Whe(cid:374) s > (cid:1004) a(cid:374)d h > 0, the process will be spontaneous at high temperatures and non-spontaneous at low temperatures.
