Who is given credit for first deducing that the cerebrum receives sensations and the cerebellum helps control movement?
(a)Hippocrates (b) Aristotle (c) Galen (d)Descartes (e) Henry Gustave Molaison
Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the fluid-mechanical theory of brain function?
(a)The brain contains hollow, fluid-filled spaces called ventricles. (b)Nerves are hollow. (c) The body functions according to a balance of four vital fluids (humors). (d)Humors were moved to and from the brain by nerves. (e) The heart acts as a valve controlling the movement of animal spirits to and from the brain.
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to our current understanding of brain function?
(a)The brain contains hollow, fluid-filled spaces called ventricles. (b) Nerves are hollow. (c) The body functions according to a balance of four vital fluids (humors). (d) Humors were moved to and from the brain by nerves. (e)The heart acts as a valve controlling the movement of animal spirits to and from the brain.
Which of the following statements was not believed by Rene Descartes?
(a)The brain functions in accordance with the fluid-mechanical theory. (b)Animal spirits going through nerves inflate muscles. (c) The brain controls human behavior that is like that of other animals. (d) Uniquely human mental capacities also arise from the brain. (e) All of the above statements were believed by Descartes
Dissections of cadavers in the 17th and 18th centuries were important to furthering our understanding of nervous system structure and function. Of the statements below, all of which were contributions made by these dissections, which one came from a deduction rather than a direct observation?
(a) The brain has gray and white matter. (b) White matter brings information to and from gray matter. (c) There is a peripheral and a central nervous system. (d) The central division of the nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. (e) The brain has gyri and sulci.
H.M.’s epileptic seizures were thought to arise as a result of a
(a)congenital defect. (b)hard hit to his head sustained during childhood. (c)neurodegenerative disease. (d)viral infection. (e)genetic susceptibility.
After undergoing an experimental surgery to control his epilepsy, H.M.
(a)Experienced more frequent and severe seizures. (b)Had no semantic knowledge of events occurring before the surgery. (c) Was not able to learn and remember new facts.(d)Had no procedural memory of tasks learned before the surgery. (e)Was not able to form new procedural memories
H.M.’s surgical outcome was extraordinarily influential in changing the prevalent idea of brain functioning from that of mass action to that of specific brain regions carrying out specific functions. It provided the first evidence that which region of the brain is needed to form new declarative memories?
((a)The cerebrum (b)The cerebellum (c) The hypothalamus (d)The hippocampus. (e)The frontal lobe
You are meeting a new patient in your clinical practice. The man starts to speak and this is what comes out of his mouth in a steady stream “Dog blue sky carry coffee wheel table raw simple sign cigarette book test car view draw mean witch two famous shoe cookie cat road mouse baby trousers.” As a result of this, you immediately suspect damage to which part of his brain?
(a) The hippocampus. (b) The amygdala (c) The auditory cortex. (d)Broca’s area. (e)Wernicke’s area.
Karl Lashley assessed the ability of rodents to learn and remember a maze after regions of their brain had been removed. His results indicated to him that the brain functions by mass action. How do we explain this incorrect conclusion today?
(a) His experiments were flawed by not having the correct controls.
(b)He removed too much brain tissue at a time.
(c) He removed different regions of the brain in different animals.
(d)Rodents have many ways to learn a maze.
(e)All of the above
