KIN242 Study Guide - Final Guide: Nerve Conduction Velocity, Wallerian Degeneration, Nerve Conduction Study

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Peripheral neuropathy: damage to nerves of the peripheral nervous system, results from damage to myelin and/or neuron (axon) Diabetic neuropathy: 60-70% of all diabetics have some degree of neuropathy. Symptoms can affect any combination of peripheral nerve types: sensory, motor, autonomic nerves, symptoms are dependent on nerve(s) affected, symptoms progress gradually. Sensory symptoms: paresthesia: numbness / tingling of extremities, dysesthesia: unpleasant sensations, burning/ pins & needles / electric shock, symmetrical, glove-stocking distribution, longer neurons are affected more severely (toes first, loss of proprioception: Multi-factorial: hyperglycemia can damage neurons and blood vessels by changing protein structures oleads to demylenation, vascular and neural diseases are linked, vasoconstriction hypoxia nerve damage. Nerve conduction velocity testing: large diameter fibres. Carpal tunnel syndrome: flexor tendon inflammation compresses median nerve in wrist, leads to damage of neuron. Motor symptoms: muscle weakness, thumb abduction because opposing muscle weak & atrophied (thenar atrophy, hand stiffness and clumsiness, trouble gripping objects, dropping objects.