KIN 346- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 155 pages long!)

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Sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body. Bioenergetics: converting foodstuffs (fats, proteins, carbohydrates) into energy. Dna is kept in a closed and distinct compartment. Protein synthesis: dna contains information to produce proteins, transcription produces mrna, mrna leaves nucleus and binds to ribosome, amino acids are carried to the ribosome by trna. In translation, mrna is used to determine the arrangement of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. Mediate all chemical reaction by speeding them up. Energy substrates - macronutrients: carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Where do these come from: diet (consumption) & storage. Why do we need their energy: atp -> energy currency of the cell, exercise or rest 3 things. Protein that use atp to physically move these ions across cell membrane. How do we get energy out of the substrates: depends on: Oxidative formation of atp: anaerobic pathways. Don"t begin inside the mitochondria, happens outside the organelle.

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