KIN404 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Iodothyronine Deiodinase, Thermogenin, Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus
26 Apr 2013
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Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy. Standard metabolic rate/bmr - rate of energy utilized by an organism in the awake resting state but not actively digesting food and at thermoneutrality. Adaptive thermogenesis heat caused by responses by body to cold temperature and diet: primary sites of action = mitochondria of skeletal muscle and bat. Bioenergetics studies the flow of chemical bond energy within organisms: takes place in mitochondria where energy from nutrients is released through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and etc. Oxygen is consumed, water + co2 + atp produced. Atp distribution throughout the cell: maintenance of na/k and ca pumps (30%, protein synthesis (30%, gluconeogenesis, ureagenesis, turnover of cho and lipid stores (20%) Interconversion process = inefficient: heat lost even in tightly coupled reactions. Entirely uncoupled reactions in humans (thermogenic/energy consuming): In all cells, h, na, k and ca leak back across membrane channels down electrochemical gradients. In mitochondria, proton leak ~ 20: muscle tissue:
