PSYCH 261- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 9 pages long!)

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Long answer exam 2: identify and explain the three criteria for establishing cause-and-effect relationships between variables. Discuss the ability to satisfy these criteria when using correlational and experimental designs. Depends on iv and measured by investigator. Investigator manipulates iv and sees what happens to the dv. Temporal precedence: cause must precede effect, have people do something to get immediate reactions. Covariation: cause and effect must occur together, must be the correlation in the first place. Alternative explanations must be explained: random assignment to get rid of the person confounds, experimental control for situation confounds. Cause and effect relationships can be established only using experimental studies: explain the following expressions as they apply to neurons and neuronal (cid:272)o(cid:373)(cid:373)u(cid:374)i(cid:272)atio(cid:374): (cid:862)lo(cid:272)k & key(cid:863); (cid:862)all-or-(cid:374)o(cid:374)e(cid:863); (cid:862)i(cid:374)for(cid:373)atio(cid:374) flo(cid:449)s do(cid:449)(cid:374)strea(cid:373)(cid:863). Define agonist and antagonist as they apply to neuronal communication and provide a detailed explanation of two examples each.

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