ANP 1107 Study Guide - Summer 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Zymogen, Xerostomia, White Blood Cell
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
ANP 1107
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Friday, May 5, 2017
ANP1107
Lecture 1: The Digestive System Part 1
• Main functions of the digestive system:
• take in food
• break it down into nutrient molecules
• absorb molecules into the bloodstream
• rid body of any indigestible remains
• Nutrient Production
• Synthesis of vitamins by bacteria that lives in the intestine ex) Vit. K,
biotin, and other Vitamin B’s
• Production of neurotransmitters, hormones, and hormone-like compounds
• hormones: Gastrin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin, secretin, VIP, motilin, GIP
(gastric inhibitory peptide)
• NTs: acetylcholine, serotonin, histamine, nitric oxide
Two Groups of Organs
• 1. Alimentary Canal (Gastrointestinal or GI tract)
• digests and absorbs food through lining (mucus) into blood
• Organs: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine, anus
• reduce friction and aid movement: important role in protecting
stomach with mucous
• 2. Accessory digestive organs/structures
• mechanical and chemical digestion of food
•teeth
•tongue
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Friday, May 5, 2017
•gallbladder
• digestive glands: produces secretions that help break down food
• salivary glands
• liver
• pancreas (produces digestive juices)
Major Digestive Processes
• 1. Ingestion
• 2. Mechanical breakdown (chewing, mixing, churning, segmentation) *Most
mechanical breakdown occurs in the stomach*
• 3. Propulsion (swallowing, peristalsis)
• 4. Digestion (catabolism: enzymatic breakdown of food into molecules to be
absorbed—chemical digestion)
• 5. Absorption (passage of digested food from the
• 6. Compaction and defecation (dehydration, compression and elimination of
indigestible substances (feces) from the GI tract
• *Digestive juices spills into furthest part of small intestine. Breaks down carbs, fat,
prepare for absorption as it moves along.
• *Chemical breakdown of nutrients is metabolism*
• *Ilium is the most distal part*
• *Once passes through ilium, moves into colon (large intestine. Typically food
residues).
• *Small amounts of complex carbs. Here you're going to GAIN water. Mostly chemical
absorption in this area.
Peristalsis vs Segmentation
• Peristalsis
• Adjacent segments of alimentary tract organs alternatively contract and relax
• Some mixing MAY occur
!2
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