BIO 1140 Study Guide - Final Guide: Carboxylic Acid, Surface Tension, Phospholipid

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cyanscorpion849

3 Apr 2016

School

University of Ottawa

Department

Biology

Course

BIO 1140

Professor

Caroline Petit- Turcotte

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Document Summary

Name thee diferent organelles and roles/funcions of each. Explain the theory of endosymbiosis and provide evidence to support the theory. Specialized membrane-bound compartment that contains the cell"s genome. Creates a specialized and isolated region for various geneic processes (i. e. dna replicaion, transcripion, translaion) Has nuclear pore complexes that allow the exchange of material between the nucleus and. Packages, chemically modiies, and sorts proteins synthesized and transported from the rer or the cytosol. Tags proteins with postal codes and sends them to their inal desinaions in the cell. Consists of latened, individual membranous sacs clustered together called cisternae. Has a cis face (vesicles enter) and trans face (vesicles leave) Involved in detoxiicaion of potenially harmful metabolic by-products. Subunits bind to mrna sequences and sich amino acids together (based on sequence) Maintains cell shape, allows cell/organelle moility, maintains internal organelles, reinforces plasma membrane. Engulfs substances and digesive enzymes within digest the substance. Separates cell"s internal environment from the external environment.

Related Questions

What are relative sizes of cellular components and range ofsizes for prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Describe the intracellular environment in terms ofmacromolecular crowding and how this affects cellularprocesses.

What does the Endosymbiotic Theory state? Give two pieces ofevidence that support this theory.

Carbohydrates can have many functions for a cell. Describe TWOdifferent functions of carbohydrates and explain how the structureand chemical properties of the carbohydrates help them fulfillthese functions.

What are the different types of carbohydrates (monosaccharidesvs polymers) and explain why the different types of linkagescarbohydrates can have enables multiple functions.

Lipids can also have multiple functions within a cell. DescribeTWO different functions of lipids and explain how the structure andchemical properties of the lipids help them fulfill thesefunctions.

What are the different classes oflipids (glycerolipid, sphingolipid, isoprenoid), how do theydiffer, and some functions of each.

Nucleotides can also have multiple functions within a cell.Describe TWO different functions of nucleotides and explain how thestructure and chemical properties of the nucleotides help themfulfill these functions.

Why is it important to understandthe chemical properties of amino acid side chains in order tounderstand protein structure and function? Describe an example of aprotein whose function depends on its structure.

Describe the levels of proteins structure and understand howproteins

magentahare115

Please answer the questions below. I will really appreciateit.

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1. Discuss the major differences and similarities betweenprokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

2. Explain the relationship among the terms haploid, diploid,and polyploid. How do they relate to the designations n, 2n, and3n?

3. In what ways are the various types of plastids similar? Inwhat ways are they different?

4. For the following plant pigments, describe their color, theirfunction(s), and the precise locations where they are found in aplant cell.

5. Describe the symbiotic events that probably gave rise tochloroplasts and mitochondria.

6. Describe the structure and function of the peroxisome. How doperoxisomes differ from mitochondria?

7. Explain the similarities anddifferences among rough ER, smooth ER, and cortical ER.

8. Describe the pathway taken bya protein from its location of synthesis on rough ER until it issecreted from the cell.

9. List the components of theendomembrane system. Explain how they are interrelated.

10. What is meant by the âdynamicinstabilityâ of microtubules?

11. List the major components ofthe primary cell wall. How do primary and secondary walls differ instructure?

12. Name the phases of the cellcycle, and describe the main events that occur in each.

13. Describe the two events ininterphase that are unique to plants.

14. List the four stages ofmitosis, and explain the main events that occur in each.

15. What is the differencebetween a sister chromatid and a daughter chromosome?

16.Discuss the mechanism by whichthe new cell wall forms following cell division in plantcells.

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Chapter 10

1.Outline the history of our knowledge on DNA up to Watson and Crick. What were the main contributions made by each researcherâs key experiment?

2.Explain the setup of the Hershey and Chase experiment, what would the results have been if protein was the genetic material?

3.Draw the structure of a DNA nucleotide, labeling each main component correctly. How does an RNA nucleotide differ?

4.If a section of double stranded DNA contains 19% Adenine, how much Thymine is present?

5.You are a researcher studying the genetic basis of heart attacks and have been working to determine the expression levels of different genes that might contribute to cancer formation. You obtain the DNA methylation status of five genes of interest (the data are shown in the table below). The plus (+) sign indicates the level of DNA methylation; more plus signs correlates with increased methylation levels.Based on this information which genes would you predict to have the highest rate of transcription?

Gene	Methylation levels
1	++
2	+++++
3	+++
4	++
5	+

What are the characteristics of the 3 main DNA forms?

Chapter 11

What are the different types of chromatin?

What are the structures and important roles for telomeres and centromeres?

What are the differences found between eukaryotic chromosomes and mitochondrial?

Chapter 12

Explain each of the different models of replication.

If you grow a culture of bacteria in media with radioactive nucleotides so that all DNA in the cells include radioactive nucleotides and then place the bacteria in new non radioactive media. After two rounds of replication what proportion of the DNA molecules will contain radioactivity?

Summarize the similarities and differences between rolling-circle replication, theta replication and linear eukaryotic replication.

What are the functions of the different DNA polymerases found in eukaryotic cells?

Draw a replication fork and include all key components and orientations. (Leading/lagging strands, DNA helicase, RNA primer and DNA gyrase)

What is the Holliday model of recombination and what are the necessary steps?

Chapter 13

What are the different types of RNA and what roles do they play?

Describe the properties and functions of each of the RNA polymerases and how they differ depending on the organism.

Describe in detail the process and mechanisms of transcription in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Chapter 14

What are the primary purposes of each of the three post transcriptional modifications that occur in eukaryotic cells.

What is alternative splicing and what role does it play in the cell?

How is ribosomal RNA processed after transcription?

How do siRNA and miRNA work, describe/draw out the process in detail.

BIO 1140 Study Guide - Final Guide: Carboxylic Acid, Surface Tension, Phospholipid

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