BIO 2135 Study Guide - Water Vascular System, Fish Gill, Aquatic Feeding Mechanisms

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12 Apr 2014

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Echinodermata (the sea star, the sea urchin and all of the other organisms associated with that particular group) Pentaramous symmetry- radial symmetry based on 5. Water vascular system- a mechanism of moving sea water within their body as a hydrostatic skeleton that they are going use for locomotion and feeding strategy- the tube feet. One of the unique thing is that they have radial symmery and it was thought to be weird because it is ususally at the base of the evolutionary tree. And for the longest time this group was associated with the cniderians would have be the diploblast with radiam symmetry and the. Echinoderms would have been the triploblast with radial symmetry. And this radials symmetry that is based on five. Another thing is that they have internal skeleton- an endoskeleton. And this is all under the nervous control, which can determine whether the connections are lose and flexible or rigid.

Related Questions

Which statement about crustaceans is true?

	They are the least prevalent marine arthropods today.
	Most have a body that is composed of three regions.
	Most have six legs attached to the head.
	They lack a carapace.
	They are the largest living group of arthropods.

13.

Which trait is unique to deuterostome animals?

	A coelom
	Spiral cleavage
	Bilateral symmetry
	Mouth formation on the end of embryos opposite the blastopore
	A nervous system

14.

Of the modern echinoderms,

	all have a water vascular system.
	most are crinoids.
	most have arms.
	most have an external skeleton.
	all use their tube feet for movement.

15.

Which statement about the notochord is true?

	It is rigid and inflexible.
	It is present in the adults of all chordates.
	It is made up of large cells with turgid vacuoles.
	It is located on the ventral side of an organism.
	It is a trait shared with sister groups of the chordates.

erinlizard726

The chordates share several features which have played asignificant role in the evolution of the phylum. Check all of thefeatures that one would use to exclusively classify members ofChordata and not members of Echinodermata.

a postanal tail during embryonicdevelopment

pharyngeal pouches during embryonicdevelopment

an endoskeleton

a notochord on the dorsal side ofthe gut in the early embryo

deuterostomic development of theembryo

a hollow nerve cord

A number of major evolutionary innovations arose in the fishlineage. Check all of the evolutionary innovations associated withthe fishes.

Teeth arose from the rough scalesof ancestral sharks.

Skeletal developments leading tothe amphibian movement onto land probably evolved from lobe-finnedfishes.

Fish fins are ancestral(homologous) structures to the flippers (forelimbs) ofturtles.

The anterior gill arch formed thebasis for the evolution of the vertebrate jaw.

The swim bladder ultimately led to the evolution of theamphibian urinary bladder.

Select the true statements concerning echinoderms.

They have an exoskeleton made ofhardened calcium carbonate plates.

Echinoderms have radiallysymmetrical larvae that give rise to bilaterally symmetricaladults.

Tube feet are used for locomotionand grasping objects.

Echinoderms are well represented inthe fossil record.

The blastopore of a sea star becomes its anus.

11.

A leafy sea dragon (Phycodurus eques) stays in a fixedposition in the water column as a tourist walks by the display inan aquarium. How is this possible?

The fish counteracts its negativebuoyancy by using its fins.

The fish is essentially hold itsbreath while remaining motionless.

The fish gulps air.

The fish has an operculum and a swim bladder.

15.

The biggest threat to terrestrial life when compared to anaquatic one is

availability of food.

lack of oxygen.

desiccation.

finding mates.

16.

A biologist looking for synapomorphic traits for chordates wouldchoose

segmentation.

possession of a backbone.

possession of an endoskeleton.

indeterminate radial cleavage inthe early embryo.

pharyngeal slits or pouches.

17.

Cartilage and bone contributed to increased size in vertebrates.Evaluate the following statements about these endoskeletal tissuesand determine if they are true or false.

1. A key element of vertebrate bone is a series of dermal ossiclesmade out of calcium carbonate. TrueFalse
2. Bone also contains crystals of a calcium phosphatesalt. TrueFalse
3. Cartilage contains fibers of the proteincollagen. TrueFalse
4. Vertebrate muscles work against bone to provide extraordinarypowers of locomotion. TrueFalse
5. Compared to chitin, bone is much less dynamic and morebrittle. TrueFalse

19.

The breast meat in the bucket of delicious fried chicken isresponsible for

running.

20.

Whales have truly large body sizes. The only invertebrates thatattain body sizes much larger than humans are giant squids. Whatfeature do whales and giant squids share that allow them to attainsuch large sizes?

	Endothermy
	Large brains
	Highly efficient gills
	Internal skeletons

maroonarmadillo57

An organism that is cephalized is probably ___________________.

		bilaterally symmetrical
		is segmented
		is diploblastic
		has a coelom

1 points

QUESTION 33

Cotton-topped tamarins are small primates with tufts of long white hair on their heads. While studying these creatures, you notice that males with longer hair get more opportunities to mate and father more offspring. To test the hypothesis that having longer hair is adaptive in these males, you should _____.

		test whether other traits in these males are also adaptive
		look for evidence of hair in ancestors of tamarins
		determine if hair length is heritable
		test whether males with shaved heads are still able to mate

1 points

QUESTION 34

Which of these is not an animal?

		ctenophore
		poiferan
		choanoflagellate
		cnidaria

1 points

QUESTION 35

What would be the best anatomical feature to look for to distinguish a gastropod from a chiton?

		presence of muscular foot
		presence of a radula
		production of eggs
		number of shell plates

1 points

QUESTION 36

If radial cleavae occurs during development, the animal will be a protostome.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 37

The "heart" of arthopods is located ______________.

		ventrally
		centrally
		dorsally
		sagitally

1 points

QUESTION 38

Which structure do bivalves use for feeding?

		radula
		ctenidia (gills)
		beak
		foot

1 points

QUESTION 39

Claytonia virginica is a woodland spring herb with flowers that vary from white to pale pink to bright pink. Slugs prefer to eat pink-flowering over white-flowering plants (due to chemical differences between the two), and plants experiencing severe herbivory are more likely to die. The bees that pollinate this plant also prefer pink to white flowers, so that Claytonia
with pink flowers have greater relative fruit set than Claytonia with white flowers. A researcher observes that the percentage of different flower colors remains stable in the study population from year to year. Given no other information, if the researcher removes all slugs from the study population, what do you expect to happen to the distribution of flower colors in the population over time? 22.2

		The percentage of pink flowers should increase over time.
		The percentage of white flowers should increase over time.
		The distribution of flower colors should not change.
		The distribution of flower colors should randomly fluctuate over time.

1 points

QUESTION 40

The water vascular system of echinoderms _____________.

		functions as a circulatory system that distributes nutrients to body cells
		function in locomotion and feeding
		is bilateral in organization, even though the adult animal is not blaterally symmetrical
		is analogous to the gastrovascular cavity of flatworms

1 points

QUESTION 41

In Phylum Mollusca, the fluid of the open circulatory system is called hemolymph.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 42

You find what you believe is a new species of animal. Which of the following characteristics would enable you to argue that it is more closely related to a flatworm than it is to a roundworm?

		It is a suspension feeder. It is a suspension feeder.
		It has no coelom.
		It is shaped like a worm.
		It has a mouth and an anus.

1 points

QUESTION 43

You observe that a mystery organism in a pond never comes up to the pond's surface. If you are able to catch one of these organisms, bring it to the lab and dissect it, you should find ______________.

		gills
		spiracle
		trachea
		book lungs

1 points

BIO 2135 Study Guide - Water Vascular System, Fish Gill, Aquatic Feeding Mechanisms

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