[BIO2137] - Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (81 pages long!)

• School: University of Ottawa
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIO 2137
• Professor: Julian Starr

Document Summary

Evolution is changes in allelic or genotypic frequencies from one generation to the next: microevolution: changes in allelic or genotypic frequencies within a population from one generation to the next. Occurs below the species level: macroevolution: evolutionary change on a grand scale, involving major evolutionary trends. Darwin"s theory of natural selection, four key observations. Some trait are more successful in the local environment --> leave more fertile offspring i. Mutations - the ultimate source of all genetic variation within species and population i. e. cancer is an accumulation of mutations. Can counteract natural selection by decreasing differences between populations i. e. pollen drifting in the wind --> very similar trees in the different areas. Can counteract natural selection by decreasing differences between populations i. e. pollen drifting in the wind --> very similar trees in the different areas i. e. stray dogs. Change in allelic frequency due to chance (random) i. e. depending on which alleles get pass on to the next generation through reproduction.