BPS1101- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 114 pages long!)

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Life expectancy then and now: 1900, 44 years, 2004, 82 years, main causes of death in 1900, pneumonia, tb. Influenza: all lasted until 1950s, main causes of death in 2004, heart disease, cancer, stroke. Second greatest achievement in modern medicine: changed work in positive way. Plaques were common throughout history: black plague: 50-60% of people died in certain regions, 1/4 of europe"s population was wiped out. Spontaneous generation: curse from god, bad smell or unclean conditions (miasma, avoid areas where it smells. Wwi and wwii- more deaths due to infection than combat: had minor wound that got infected, developed sepsis, agostino bassi proved germ theory of disease in 1844, proved microscopic organisms are the source of disease. Lister developed antisepsis in 1867: kill bacteria during surgery for patient to have better outcome. H. c. gram stains bacteria in 1884: colour bacteria red or blue, points to chemical difference that occurs between microscopic bacteria.