CHM 1321 Study Guide - Final Guide: Nitric Acid, Hemiacetal, Aromaticity

• School: University of Ottawa
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: CHM 1321
• Professor: Walter Ogilvie

Document Summary

Intermolecular forces: h-bonding, dd, ldfs, electrostatics, sterics. Enantiomers: non superposable mirror images, inverted stereocentres. Diastereomers: in molecules with more than 1 stereocentre, some of the stereocentres are inverted. Mesocompounds: molecule has more than 1 stereocentre, its mirror image is the same, molecule has a mirror plane (of symmetry) Markovnikov rule: major product has halogen on most subbed carbon, more alkyl groups around carbocation = stabilizes, exception: when reacting with bh3, bh2 attaches to least subbed position, h attaches to most subbed. Pi bonds as nucleophiles: hydrohalogenation, hydration, halogenation (markovnikov, hydroboration-oxidation. Cis addition: anti-markovnikov product formation, epoxidation. Aromaticity (huckel"s rule: all ring carbons are sp2 hybridized if no, non-aromatic, ring is flat (has 2-7, or 16+ carbons) if no, non-aromatic, ring has 4n + 2 pi electrons. Aromatic nomenclature: phenyl, aniline (nh2), toluene (ch3), anisole (och3), benzaldehyde, benzoic acid. Aromatic compounds as nucleophiles: friedel crafts alkylation, friedel crafts acylation, electrophilic aromatic substitution.