CMN 2132 Study Guide - Summer 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Proxemics, Interaction, Silence

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CMN 2132
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
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Functional Importance of Nonverbal Communication:
encoding = The sender produces a signal. Encoding with varying degrees of awareness and
control. Consider unconscious signals.
decoding = The receiver uses a code interpreting the symbol. By varying degrees as well.
intentionality - Is a head-scratch seeking to communicate? However, if someone interprets an
unintentional sign as communicating, then it becomes communication. Intention
communication is a “reciprocal” process. People respond similarly to how we communicate.
When they don't, that violates our expectations. (see theory)
-> proxemics
symbol = present in verbal code. The word takes the place of something else. Words are
abstractions of actual things.
sign = is a natural representation of something else: ie. a fever, a cross,. This is much of non-
verbal comm.
-> the verbal code tends to be explicit; the non-verbal is more implicit. Non-verbal involves
expectations and assumptions.
Mehrabian: 38% of emotional meaning of a message is vocal
55% is expressed via facial expressions
7% is expressed verbally
communication is an interactive process whereby people seek to induce some form
of change in attitude, belief or behaviours.
Burgoon, Buller and Woodall: “communication is a dynamic and ongoing process whereby
people create shraed meaning through the sending and receiving of messages via commonly
understood codes”.
-> "Senders stimulating meaning in the minds of receivers and then having the receivers
respond to the message they have received and interpreted."
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-> "an elaborate code that is written nowhere, known to none, and understood by all" Sapir
(1949)
The text definition: A process of creating meaning in the minds of receivers whether
intentionally or unintentionally, by use of actions other than, or in combination with, words or
language. Nonverbal communication includes norms and expectations, usually imposed by
society, for the expression of experiences, feelings and attitudes.
NV comm occurs when some nonverbal subcode (ie. space, body movement) creates meaning
for a receiver, which can happen on purpose or accidentally.
Classifying non-verbal communication
Functions:
Identification and self-representation.
Control of interaction (take the floor)
Relationship of interactants (shows our relationship)
Display of cognitive info
Display of affective information
Display of deception
It may also:
-repeat what's been said
-conflict with what's been said
-complement
-substitute
-accent/moderate what's been said
-regulate
-by coordinating our own verbal and non-verbal,
-by coordinating our own with those of our partner
The communication environment.
-Physical environment. Furniture, architecture, lighting, traces of action (footprints)
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