CRM 2301 Study Guide - Final Guide: Medicalization, Cesare Beccaria, Cesare Lombroso
Document Summary
Micro vs. macro: micro is specific, small details, murderer lived in a forest with birch trees, macro is general, big picture, focuses on environment affecting behaviour (durkheim + marx, murderer lived in a forest. Passive: active individuals can make their own choices (bentham + beccaria, passive individuals act on inner/outer forces that push them into criminality (lombroso) Industrial revolution: feudalism to capitalism which causes a transmission from rural to urban environments and the introduction of machines are used for production. Specific deterrence i know this: punishment is effective if it"s proportionate + slightly more severe than the pleasure, punishment must be swift, certain and proportionate! Innocent until proven guilty: due process, protection of privacy, right to remain silent, right to a fair defence, social contract, aggravating vs. mitigating factors. Phrenology: studying the size/shape of the skull/brain explains character"s behaviour or mentality, different parts of the brain are responsible for different behaviours.