HSS 1101 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Cell-Mediated Immunity, Antibiotic Misuse, Penicillin Binding Proteins
22 Jan 2017
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Microorganisms: organisms; vary in size, complexity, + growing ability in diff. growth conditions. Small (microscopic); 1-2 microns (1 mm = 1000 microns); majority harmless. Classified as: pathogenicity: ability to produce disease; virulence: relative capacity to cause damage (degree of pathogenicity) Infection: microorganism penetration/multiplication in host organism; produce apparent/disease or inapparent/no disease; not confused with contamination/colonisation. Mycoplasma (grow on non-living media; bacteria with no rigid cell wall + more delicate: eukaryotes: unicellular & multicellular animals & plants; genetic material organised into nucleus. Classified as resident or transient; ex; gi-tract: colon=anaerobes & coliforms; skin= coagulase negative staphylococci. Transient: found in specific location; result=resident flora displacement, injury, trauma. 1) protect from invasive bacteria; 2) metabolism (vit k); 3) antibiotic therapy=imbalance ecology & normal flora; 4) immune system stimulation. Protected by: mechanical barriers (skin, phagocytosis (t-cell; nk cell; macrophages; polymorphonuclear cells); phagocytic cells attach/form vacuole around bacteria; (streptococcus pneumoniae=surrounded with polysaccharide capsule/prevent phagocytosis)
