APA 2121 Study Guide - Final Guide: Calcitriol, Dental Fluorosis, Offal

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Major minerals: calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and. Available in unprocessed foods, some processed foods and dietary supplements. Must be consumed in the correct proportions to maintain health. Provides structure to bones and teeth and has important regulatory roles. Absorbed by active transport and passive diffusion, depending on the availability of the active form of vitamin d. In fluids: regulates the transport of ions across cell membranes, nerve and hormone transmission, maintain normal blood pressure, clotting of blood, muscle contraction, activated cellular enzymes. Bones: 99% of calcium is stored in the bones and teeth, bone structure and storage. Regulated by 3 hormones: parathyroid hormone, calcitriol (vitamin d, calcitonin. Toxicity: constipation, interference with absorption of other minerals, increased risk of kidney stone formation. About 50-60% of magnesium is found in bone, where it is essential for maintenance of structure. Cofactor for over 300 enzymes, generating energy from macronutrients, works with calcium for muscle contraction and resistance of tooth decay.

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