MED 1201 Study Guide - Pattern Recognition Receptor, Antigen-Presenting Cell, Mhc Class I

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20 Nov 2012

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The main goal of the immune system distinguish self from non-self! This does not mean it can distinguish good from bad! What is good or bad for the body is subjective to us. The body can only differentiate what is from our own body from what is foreign. This is an essential topic in understanding autoimmunity and transplants. A transplanted bone marrow may be good for the body, but the body does not know this it only recognizes it as foreign. In autoimmunity, the body fails to recognize itself. The immune system recognizes foreign pathogens through antigens (from. Antibody generation. these are usually proteins that the body can recognize as foreign. Note that usually, when we say something recognizes antigen it actually means it recognizes a part of a protein, not the whole part. When the body recognizes something as foreign, it destroys!

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Immunology worksheet help?

In people infected with human cytomegalovirus, class I MHC andb2-microglobulin are produced, but very little mature class I MHCis found at the cell surface. Inhibition of which of the followingmolecules by human cytomegalovirus may account for thisphenomenon?

A.	TAP
B.	Ii
C.	TCR
D.	CLIP
E.	RAG

Your chances of having the same MHC haplotype as your siblingare:

A.	1:2.
B.	1:4.
C.	1:16.
D.	1:8.
E.	1:1.

Which of the following is the BEST example of self-MHCrestriction of T cells?

A.	A T-cell clone is deleted when it binds too tightly to selfMHC.
B.	A T-cell clone responds more vigorously to a self-peptide thana foreign peptide.
C.	A T-cell clone recognizes foreign MHC.
D.	A T-cell clone only recognizes foreign peptides when presentedby self MHC.
E.	All of the above

MHC molecules:

A.	are conserved between individuals.
B.	bind repeating patterns found on pathogens.
C.	are recognized by T cells.
D.	are membrane-bound molecules found exclusively on T cells.
E.	are secreted by T cells and bind and neutralize antigen in theserum.

Tasmanian devils are a largely inbred population with littlediversity in the MHC. Which of the following would be a likelyoutcome of this?

A.	They would compensate for low diversity in the MHC with highdiversity in the TCR.
B.	They would compensate for low diversity in the MHC with highdiversity in the BCR.
C.	They would rely only on innate immune responses.
D.	They would be at higher risk of infection.
E.	All of the above

How many different MHC classical class I proteins does eachnucleated cell in a human heterozygous at the MHC locusexpress?

A.	Six
B.	Two
C.	Three
D.	One
E.	None. Only APC express class I.

MHC polymorphisms tend to cluster:

A.	in the peptide-binding groove.
B.	in the transmembrane domain.
C.	in the coreceptor contact residues.
D.	in the framework region.
E.	All of the above

A mutation that renders the MHC class II molecule DMnonfunctional would likely lead to:

A.	cells with no class II MHC.
B.	a deficiency in CD8⁺ T cells.
C.	cells with class II MHC only bound with CLIP.
D.	cells with class II MHC bound with a variety ofself-antigens.
E.	cells with no DO.

The human MHC locus is one of the most polymorphic regions ofthe genome. What does this mean?

A.	This region is regulated by many different mechanisms.
B.	Sequence variability is low in this region.
C.	There are many introns in this region.
D.	There are many different alleles of these genes.
E.	It has the most different genes.

10.

Which of the following is an example ofcross-presentation?

A.	An exogenous peptide being presented on MHC class II
B.	A B-cell antigen being presented to a T cell
C.	An endogenous peptide being presented on MHC class I
D.	An endogenous peptide being presented on MHC class II
E.	An exogenous peptide being presented on MHC class I

magentacamel430

When someone gets a bone marrow transplant, they have to be quarantined and carefully protected from pathogens for a period of time afterward. Why?

	A.	Bone marrow produces the main cells involved in the specific immune response, so these patients are at special risk of infection until they build up enough marrow to produce sufficient cells.
	B.	Bone marrow produces blood cells, so they have insufficient circulation for a period of time so their immune system lacks the energy to fight off any infection.
	C.	Anytime a foreign substance, even someone else's bone marrow, is introduced to a body, there is an extra risk of infection.
	D.	A common complication of bone marrow transplants is infection, and doctor's don't want the infection to spread to others.
	E.	It's a traumatic procedure, and any extra stress on their body could kill them.

There is antibody-mediated and cell-mediated specific immunity. Which type of cells are primarily involved in the antibody-mediated immune response?

	A.	Macrophages
	B.	B cells
	C.	Complement proteins
	D.	T cells
	E.	Antigens

From the bacteria's perspective, why is it helpful that it produce diarrhea in people?

	A.	Because it gets the bacteria out of the person and, likely, into the next one
	B.	It's not helpful really. That's just what that toxin causes.
	C.	Because that quickly kills the person
	D.	Because it makes the patient too unpleasant to be around
	E.	Because there is no real treatment for that

Where do prions come from?

	A.	There are prion-like particles in the brain normally, and when these become abnormal they can cause disease.
	B.	Mosquitoes.
	C.	They are clumps which form from normal prion-like particles in the blood that travel to the brain.
	D.	They are introduced by infectious protozoa.
	E.	Contaminated water.

QuestionGroup: #51 Innate immune 1

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What is the name of a chemical substance responsible for stimulating an immune response?

Pathogen

Rotomers

Antigen

Antibody

Troll receptor

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QuestionGroup: #52 Innate immune2

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What is the purpose of secondary metabolites produced by normal flora in your body?

To aid T cells in fighting local infection

To kill infected B cells

To help balance electrolytes

To inhibit adhesion, and growth of the certain microbes

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QuestionGroup: #53 Innate immune3

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The lysozyme removes most bacteria in our foods through the saliva in our mouth, how does it do this?

The lysozyme attacks the bacteria through the blood.

The lysozyme are not strong enough to get rid of bacteria.

The lysozyme breaks down the polysaccharide walls of different bacteria.

The lysozyme will tell your body to get rid of the bacteria by vomiting.

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QuestionGroup: #54 Adapt immune 1

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In adaptive immunology, the key component is which of the following?

Antigen trigger the the production of vaccines.

Antibodies will trigger responses in the antigen which will cause an inflamation.

Antigens trigger responses of the antibodies which will recognize the antigen.

Antibodies will be able to recognize other antibodies and destroy them.

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QuestionGroup: #55 Adapt immune2

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An autoimmune induced disorder is...?

When the body's immune system attacks a tissue or organ in the body

When the immune system is not present

When the body attacks the antigens and antibodies of the immune system

When the autonomic nervous system attacks the antigen and antibodies of the immune system

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QuestionGroup: #56 Adapt immune3

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Antibodies are also called immunoglobulins and constitute part of the blood proteins. How do antibodies work?

Agglutination-- they just clump with each other (blocking antigen)

Precipitation-- force insolubility and settled out of solution along with antigens

Complement fixation-- proteins attach to antigen surface (causing cell lysis)

Neutralization-- bind to specific sites to prevent antigen attachment

All of the above

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QuestionGroup: #57 Infectious disease

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The most deadly STD is HIV, but many other viruses can be deadly. Name the most common sexually transmitted infection.

Genital human parisis virus (GHPV)

Herpes Simplex

Human papilloma virus (HPV)

Human pappathe virus tentis (HPVT)

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QuestionGroup: #58 Infectious disease2

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Microbes have developed an array of weapons to be able to go from host to host. These virulent factors are divided into several groups, but one important group is the one produced by bacteria. Name the subgroups within this bacterial group.

Retretoxin and maitotoxin

Retretoxin and butotoxin

Endotoxins and exotoxins

Lipotoxin and exotoxin

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QuestionGroup: #59 Infectious disease3

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Sexually transmitted diseases are very successful at spreading from one person to another. Name one important reason for this fact.

Mucous membranes use B cells only and are resistant to antigens

Mucous membranes in the sex organs differ from those of the skin in that they allow certain pathogens into the body

STDs are transmitted through sex only

STDs are usually caused by viruses

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QuestionGroup: #60 HIV/ AIDS

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HIV has which of the following characteristics?

It has an enzyme called reverse transcriptase which causes the DNA to reverse the nucleotide sequence in messenger RNA.

It is a retrovirus meaning that it reverses the order of protein production in that the virus affects the DNA in the cell to make the protein.

It is an anti-retrovirus meaning that it attacks the DNA causing the development of new HIV particles.

It has a short incubation period which means that the symptoms show up also immediately after infection.

MED 1201 Study Guide - Pattern Recognition Receptor, Antigen-Presenting Cell, Mhc Class I

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