[PHS4300] - Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (50 pages long!)

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A cell becomes transformed and becomes neoplastic (transformed) and then starts proliferating (dividing) neoplasia is an abnormal proliferation. Carcinomas represent a very large portion of the cancers that occur. Stomach, anything that secretes things, mammary glands) that contain cancer are called a _____ carcinoma. Carcinomas in the nasal cavity are squamous carcinomas, squamous are very easy to differentiate from others. Then there is a subset called lung carcinomas, renal cell carcinomas (kidney), and then there is bladder as well (transitional cell carcinoma) 1% of all tumors are cancers that arise in connective tissue, muscles, bones: osteosarcoma which arise in bone. There are a variety of different leukemias that involve different blood cells. In a multiple myeloma there are multiple cells making clones of antibodies. There are many categories and subcategories of lymphomas. Different cells in the brain and nervous system that become transformed into cancer cells and grow out of control.