PHS 4300 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide, Pancreatic Polypeptide, Insulin Receptor

• School: University of Ottawa
• Department: Physiology
• Course: PHS 4300
• Professor: Joanne Savory

Document Summary

Definition: chronic condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels-hyperglycemia. Energy nutrient metabolism: monosaccharide only sugar found in blood, bodys fluid. Postprandial (absorptive) state: after a meal, absorption of nutrient, 4-hour period after eating. Insulin (anabolic: stimulus in increase in blood glucose, promotes uptake of glucose, converts glucose to glycogen and fat, aids entry of aas into cells. Glucagon (catabolic: stimulus is decrease in blood glucose, stimulates glycogenolysis and lipolysis, stimulates conversion. Pancreas: retroperitoneal gland with both exocrine (80%) and endocrine functions, the exocrine part composed of the islets of langerhans (1-2mil) ---secrete insulin, glucagon and other hormones directly to blood. Insulin is polypeptide hormone, composed of two chains a (21 aa) and b (30 aa) linked by disulfide bridges: both chains are derived from proinsulin, a prohormone. Insulin from human, cows and pig are very similar. Under normal circumstances secretion occurs in two phases: First phase: within 3-5 of increased blood glucose, (insulin) in plasma increased almost 10x.