BIO153H5 Study Guide - Summer 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Evolution, Phylogenetic Tree, Dna
BIO153H5
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Animal Diversity
Aials are…
- Multicellular
- Eukaryotic
- Heterotrophic
- Having tissues that develop from embryonic
layers
Animals Can be Characterized by a Body Plan
- Body symmetry (radial, bilateral, asymmetry)
- Tissue layers
- Body cavities
- Embryonal development
We Can Distinguish Animals by their Body
Cavities
− Acoeolomate: No body cavity (every part of the body is tissues
− Coelomate: Has a body haviety
− Pseudooeloate: has soe ody aity, ut does’t see to e proper
− A coelom is a body cavity completely lined with mesoderm
We Distinguish Animals by their Development
We Also Have Molecular Information to Construct a Phylgenetic Tree for Animals
- Molecular data divides protozoans into lophotropozoa (larvae stage) and ecdysozoa (shedding)
- The relationships between taxa in the two trees are different
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
We Can Agree on these Statements
- All animals share a common ancestor
- Sponges are basal animals
- Eumetazoa is a clade of animals with true tissues
- Most animal phyla belong to the clade Bilateria
- Chordates and some other phyla belong to the clade
Deuterostomata
But What About Assignment 2?
How Should we Interpret This?
- WHAT DOES THIS SAY ABOUT SCIENCE?
• Most scientific ideas need to be argued about
• Data can be interpreted differently by different scientists
• Science always keeps an open mind, since all hypotheses have the potential to be falsified
- WHAT WOULD WE NEED TO CONCLUDE THE DEBATE?
• Fossils of transitional organisms
• Look for molecular data that can place either Porifera or Ctenophora closer to other organisms on the tree
• Ne sets of data that e hae’t aalyzed yet that a help olude ore iforatio aout the
relationships between organisms on the tree
- WHAT ABOUT OUR TEXTBOOK?
• It’s a itrodutio; it does’t ilude the i-depth findings about the scientific debate of these phylogenetic
relationships
• They’re out of date
• A very basic description of the consensus of subjects related to the topic being studied
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Having tissues that develop from embryonic layers. Animals can be characterized by a body plan. Acoeolomate: no body cavity (every part of the body is tissues. Pseudo(cid:272)oelo(cid:373)ate: has so(cid:373)e (cid:271)ody (cid:272)a(cid:448)ity, (cid:271)ut does(cid:374)"t see(cid:373) to (cid:271)e proper. A coelom is a body cavity completely lined with mesoderm. We also have molecular information to construct a phylgenetic tree for animals. Molecular data divides protozoans into lophotropozoa (larvae stage) and ecdysozoa (shedding) The relationships between taxa in the two trees are different. Eumetazoa is a clade of animals with true tissues. Most animal phyla belong to the clade bilateria. Chordates and some other phyla belong to the clade. What does this say about science: most scientific ideas need to be argued about, data can be interpreted differently by different scientists. Science always keeps an open mind, since all hypotheses have the potential to be falsified. It"s a(cid:374) i(cid:374)trodu(cid:272)tio(cid:374); it does(cid:374)"t i(cid:374)(cid:272)lude the i(cid:374)-depth findings about the scientific debate of these phylogenetic relationships.
