BIO202H5 Study Guide - Winter 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Skin, Oxygen, Ion
BIO202H5
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
BIO 202
Lecture 1
Textbook will contain application examples
- must study the lecture and textbook
-tutorials will have quizzes based on lecture material
16
physiology is a mixture of structure and function
started recording
external environment can influence individual
genotype→ phenotype (function & structure)
genotype influences development of adult phenotype
molecules, cells, tissues, organs and organ systems work together to create structure and function
behaviour depends on physiology
-if cat isn’t hungry it won’t search for food
genotype alone isn’t the only influence, there’s environmental influence
-very cold or very hot will affect the behaviour
identical twins in different environments;
-type of nutrition could induce results of different height and weight
-environment not only influences phenotype, but also physiology and behaviour
17
starts with cell→ we’re all made of cells (eukaryotes)
they’re formed from molecules
-the cells form tissues by aggregating with same cells to form tissue
some of these tissues will be composed of different cells and can form organs
organs together will form organ system → this forms organisms
many organisms form populations
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
many populations= communities
many communities= ecosystems
- Leads to the biosphere
18
model animal can be used to study biological process
ie. squids have big neurons which make it easy to study neurophysiology
clinical trials are tested on animals- study physiology to see side effects
19
easier to extract oxygen from atmosphere than under water
all environments have advantages and disadvantages
effect of the environment on the type of animals that live there
21
always from higher to lower
-ie. higher to lower temperature
-or in pressure with gasses- gases will go from higher pressure to lower pressure
partial pressure of oxygen is more in alveoli than in ___
Fick’s second law:
Amount of substance that diffuses across surface is proportional to area of surface→ the more
area, the more diffusion
-inversely proportional to distance across is diffused
oxygen has high partial pressure outside of cell will diffuse outside to inside the cell
more you increase surface area, the more oxygen will diffuse
-oxygen diffuses through the first layer, but second layer needs more time so it is inversely
proportional to the distance
small animals can get oxygen through simple diffusion
but more complex and larger animals need respiratory system
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
