BIO210Y5 Study Guide - Summer 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Bone, Homeostasis, Skeletal Muscle
BIO210Y5
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
BIO210Y
Lecture 1B – Foundations of our
Body Organization
Levels of Organization
cell
smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, a cell
contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles
organ
functionally distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissues
organ system
group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function
organism
living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all
physiologic functions necessary for life
tissue
group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific
function
Cellular level
Types of cells:
1. Smooth muscle cell
2. Blood cell
3. Bone cell
4. Fat cell
5. Reproductive cell
6. Nerve cells
Tissue level
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Tissues
After the cell, the tissue is the next level of organization in the human body. A tissue is a
group of connected cells that have a similar function. There are four basic types of human
tissues: epithelial, muscle, nervous, and connective tissues.
• Connective tissue is made up of cells that form the body’s structure. Examples include
bone and cartilage.
• Epithelial tissue is made up of cells that line inner and outer body surfaces, such as the
skin and the lining of the digestive tract. Epithelial tissue protects the body and its
internal organs, secretes substances such as hormones, and absorbs substances such as
nutrients.
• Muscle tissue is made up of cells that have the unique ability to contract, or become
shorter. Muscles attached to bones enable the body to move.
• Nervous tissue is made up of neurons, or nerve cells, that carry electrical messages.
Nervous tissue makes up the brain and the nerves that connect the brain to all parts of the
body.
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Types of cells: smooth muscle cell, blood cell, bone cell, fat cell, reproductive cell, nerve cells. After the cell, the tissue is the next level of organization in the human body. A tissue is a group of connected cells that have a similar function. There are four basic types of human tissues: epithelial, muscle, nervous, and connective tissues: connective tissue is made up of cells that form the body"s structure. Examples include bone and cartilage: epithelial tissue is made up of cells that line inner and outer body surfaces, such as the skin and the lining of the digestive tract. Epithelial tissue protects the body and its internal organs, secretes substances such as hormones, and absorbs substances such as nutrients: muscle tissue is made up of cells that have the unique ability to contract, or become shorter. Muscles attached to bones enable the body to move: nervous tissue is made up of neurons, or nerve cells, that carry electrical messages.
