BIO315H5 Study Guide - Final Guide: Transcriptional Regulation, Apaf1, Protein Kinase B
Document Summary
Apoptotic cells undergo a sequence of characteristic changes: condensation (shrinkage, cytoskeletal collapse, nuclear envelope disassembly, chromatin condensation and fragmentation, cell surface blebbing and formation of apoptotic bodies. Blebbing is when a cell detaches its cytoskeleton from membrane, causing the membrane to swell into spherical bubbles, distorting shape of cell: phagocytosis by neighboring cells or macrophage, no inflammation. Apoptosis is important for creating and development of birth and also for adult tissue. That is in contrast to other cell type called necrosis. This type is not regulated, the cell swells and bursts releasing contents, and elicits inflammatory response. Triggered by a specific regulatory signal from other cells. Eliminates unwanted cells in an orderly fashion: cells that are damaged need to be rid of because they can potentially become cancerous cells. Can sustain dna damage, not allowed to survive and give rise to other cells, so they need to be cleared.
