BIO211H5 Midterm: BIO211 Term Test #2 Study Notes
Document Summary
Review of some test 1 material that may be relevant. Appear early in evolutionary history of a group. Evolve later, present only in some subgroups in tree. Traits considered primitive for one group may be derived for the. E. g. for mammals, hair is a shared derived character, but for the larger group to which it belongs cat hair is a primitive character. Cluster of taxa that share a common ancestry. Are defined by synapomorphies and include all descendants of a. Phylogenetic trees can be drawn in many diff ways. Monophyly is a clade; last common ancestor and all descendants. Paraphyly is a group that includes some but not all descendants of last common. Think inverted triangle, can be bigger than just two ancestor. Polyphyly group doesn"t include last common ancestor. Sister taxon closest relative on tree, e. g. f+g or taxon d is sister to clade efg. Craton : large non-deformed portions of very old continents, usually of.
