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CHM110H5 Study Guide - Final Guide: Calcium Hydroxide, Hard Water, Reagent

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harlequinpanda25

22 Oct 2015

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Document Summary

Water around the world can be generally classified into two groups, soft water and hard water. Hard water is known for having a higher concentrations of metal ions especially ca2+ and mg2+ ions in the form of limestone and dolomite. Hard water around the world us usually treated by municipal water treatment plants using slaked lime (ca(oh)2). The slaked lime reacts with the bicarbonate ions in the water according to the following equations: This leads to the production of carbonate ions co3. 2- which then react with the ca2+ ions originally in the water according to the following equation: The initial concentration of calcium ions in the water is 1. 5x10-3 and we need to achieve a concentration of 0. 7x10-3. According to the equation, the molar ratio between ca2+ ion and co3. 2- ions is 1:1, therefore the concentration of slaked lime needed to achieve this reduction in the concentration of ca2+ ions in the hard water is 0. 8x10-3m too.

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Related Questions

Questions to answer In your notebook:

1. Trace the carbon atom(s) from the calcium carbide through the experiment, showing the chemical reaction(s) that takes place in each step of the experiment. There should be two Place filter paper in funnel. Attach hose to vacuum 14 reactions where carbon dioxide escapes as a product and one reaction where carbon dioxide appears as a reactant.

4.* In the last step of this experiment, you treated calcium carbonate with dilute acid, causing the solid to fizz. Briefly describe what building or structural materials contain calcium carbonate and indicate what effects acid rain may have on these materials. Would you expect buildings or monuments made from carbonates to "fizz" when exposed to acid rain? Find examples of materials in your neighborhood that may have succumbed to acid rain, indicating what effects acid rain had on the material you are describing, and indicating the chemical reaction(s) that are taking place with that material upon exposure to acid rain.

Questions to answer :

1. Trace the carbon atom(s) from the calcium carbide through the experiment, showing the chemical reaction(s) that takes place in each step of the experiment. There should be two Place filter paper in funnel. Attach hose to vacuum 14 reactions where carbon dioxide escapes as a product and one reaction where carbon dioxide appears as a reactant.

4.* In the last step of this experiment, you treated calcium carbonate with dilute acid, causing the solid to fizz. Briefly describe what building or structural materials contain calcium carbonate and indicate what effects acid rain may have on these materials. Would you expect buildings or monuments made from carbonates to "fizz" when exposed to acid rain? Find examples of materials in your neighborhood that may have succumbed to acid rain, indicating what effects acid rain had on the material you are describing, and indicating the chemical reaction(s) that are taking place with that material upon exposure to acid rain.