CCT204H5 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Semiotics, City, Working Hypothesis
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
CCT204H5
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
CLASS 1: INTRODUCTION/SYMBOLIC AND VISUAL COMMUNICATION (09-11-18)
Introduction
Course Description
1. Introduction to basic concepts and skills of design thinking as interdisciplinary subject
2. Emphasizes creative and critical thinking in the design process—provide student with theory and
skills to solve design problems in:
• Symbolic and visual communication
• Material objects
• Environments
• Organized services and activities
Design Thinking
• Tim Brown says design profession preoccupied with creating nifty, fashionable objects
o Small, narrow minded view of design
o But not what design is about
• desig thikig= use of desig to sole hua poles
o Need to go back to broader vision for design
Areas of Design
• Visual
• Industrial
• Interior/spatial/environmental
• Activities/spatial
• Looking at overlapping characteristics, processes, schemes of representation
What is Creativity?
• Use of imagination or original ideas, especially in production of artistic works
• Relating two normally independent frames of reference – Rowe, 1987
o Rowe examines multiple and often dissimilar theoretical positions whether they
prescribe forms or simply provide procedures for solving problems
• Bisociation = two mutually incompatible contexts – Koestler 1964
o Invention and discovery share common pattern of bisociation--
• Integrative thinking/2 or more opposing ideas transformed into a creative resolution – Martin
2009
o Inductive thinking = generalize existing ideas
o Deductive thinking = narrow down existing choices
o Abductive thinking = create space to generate new ideas
▪ Blend of inductive and deductive thinking
o Thinkers who exploit opposing ideas to construct new solution enjoy built-in advantage
over thinkers who consider only one model at a time
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
o
• e.g. combining phone and camera—two opposing ideas brought into one device
What is Innovation?
• Something newly invented or a new way of doing things?
• Incremental vs. Breakthrough thinking
o e.g. start with poor quality camera in flip phone, up to modern camera app in modern
smartphones
• Evolutionary vs. Revolutionary thinking
Imagination and Radical Innovation
• Importance of imagination
• Visualization and sketching
• Radical innovation requires 3 distinct capabilities
o 1. ability to see with new creative lenses
o 2. ability to apply creativity and imagination in solving customer unmet needs
o 3. creativity with new business model design
Working with Constraints
• Negative constraint = trying to minimize constraint
o budget
• Positive constraint = trying to maximize constraint
o Time
o Space
o Materials
o Client/user--worldviews, culture, biases, expectations
• Design should be backed by reason, research, and feasibility
Constraints
• Constraints = conditions we need to happen or would like to happen with a design
• Every project has constraints: area, cost, time, skills, economic conditions, cultural norms,
available resources
o e.g. car engine cannot exceed size of space it fits in, but cannot produce less than
specified power
• Design constraint is usually imposed externally
o Internal design constraint is from designer/creator
Symbolic and Visual Communication
Categories of Design
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Looking at overlapping characteristics, processes, schemes of representation. Invention and discovery share common pattern of bisociation-- Integrative thinking/2 or more opposing ideas transformed into a creative resolution martin. Incremental vs. breakthrough thinking: e. g. start with poor quality camera in flip phone, up to modern camera app in modern smartphones, evolutionary vs. Working with constraints: negative constraint = trying to minimize constraint, budget, positive constraint = trying to maximize constraint, time, space, materials, client/user--worldviews, culture, biases, expectations, design should be backed by reason, research, and feasibility. Jorge frascara: four kinds of design, to support life, to facilitate life, design to improve life. Design to support life: promote and ensure health and safety, neurosurgeon < michelangelo. Industrial safety, traffic safety, health education: neurosurgeon helps society incrementally, while michelangelo created innovation, 1st helps make things possible when they go wrong, second represents realization of something that is unique to human beings.
