LIN204H5 Study Guide - Final Guide: Mass Noun, Gerund, Count Noun
CHAPTER 4 REVIEW (part 2)
-In the sentence "The brave will attempt to climb that mountain”, the word “brave” is an
ADJECTIVE functioning NOMINALLY (i.e., as a NOUN). Although "brave" has no
adjectival morphology, it can take adjectival inflection (as in "braver" and "bravest"). In
the sentence, however, it follows the determiner "the", and together they form a
grammatical unit, so the word must be functioning as a noun. Furthermore, we can
substitute "brave" with a prototypical noun like "girls". Also, "the brave" is also the
subject of the sentence, which is another good indicator that it has a nominal function.
-If a word contains the suffix "-ly", we CANNOT conclude that the word must be an
ADVERB. The adverb-making suffix {-ly} is homophonous with another morpheme
(adjective-making morpheme).
-Out of the four words “princely”, “likely”, “perfectly”, and “early”, only “perfectly”
passes the most tests for adverbs. It passes all of the tests for "adverb-hood", whereas
“early” does not have adverb-making morphology attached to it and it cannot be moved
within a sentence. “Likely” and “princely” are not even adverbs!
-Out of the four words “upward”, “there”, “yesterday”, “early”, and “fatherly”, “early”
passes the most tests for adverbs.
-In the sentence "They were still putting on their boots when the bus drove by”, “still” is
an adverb of DURATION – it indicates how long the event lasted.
-The sentence *"There were two informations, but I didn't know which one was right” is
ungrammatical because “information” cannot be a count noun.
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Document Summary
In the sentence "the brave will attempt to climb that mountain , the word brave is an. Although "brave" has no adjectival morphology, it can take adjectival inflection (as in "braver" and "bravest"). In the sentence, however, it follows the determiner "the", and together they form a grammatical unit, so the word must be functioning as a noun. Furthermore, we can substitute "brave" with a prototypical noun like "girls". Also, "the brave" is also the subject of the sentence, which is another good indicator that it has a nominal function. If a word contains the suffix "-ly", we cannot conclude that the word must be an. The adverb-making suffix {-ly} is homophonous with another morpheme (adjective-making morpheme). Out of the four words princely , likely , perfectly , and early , only perfectly passes the most tests for adverbs. It passes all of the tests for "adverb-hood", whereas.
