RLG201H5 Study Guide - Final Guide: Sui Generis, Cultural Relativism, Agnosticism

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yellowmanatee670

27 Feb 2016

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The study of religion and culture points re ect directly on issues: In short, religion is a part of culture. The term refers to a wide range of activities which are part of, not separate from, the practice of culture and everyday life. The study of such religion" is concerned with what humans do, the texts and other cultural products they produce, and the statements and assumptions they make. In this sense it is something that is done, not something that does religious activity ( religioning"), rather than religion. Religion" is a not a sui generis category, that is, it does not exist as a thing" in itself (a point i will discuss further in chapter 5). Instead it is a term with a multitude of meanings and references, to be understood with reference to other human activities. There is a strong emphasis on studies with an empirical basis.

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Question 1

Evolutionary algorithms are used:

In engineering, to arrive at solutions by going through many permutations of possible solutions and allowing them to evolve.

A genetic feature of complex organisms.

A process undergone by the human brain, which is similar to evolution by natural selection.

Another term used for a computer algorithm in general.

Question 2

Human literature and languages can be studied using methods similar to those used for constructing phylogenies because:

There is no other way of studying these things.

Languages evolve roughly along the lines of species, with mutations (changes in words and pronunciation), descent with modification (languages becoming more different along the way), and branching of languages (languages giving rise to other languages that are similar to them).

Because literature and languages are constructed by organisms (human beings), so what applies to one must apply to the other.

Languages undergo a process of word swapping, which is analogous to horizontal gene transfer.

Question 3

The degree to which horizontal gene transfer occurs in eukaryotes is:

Something upon which the entire validity of evolutionary biology hinges.

A mystery that may or may not disprove evolution, but we simply don't know enough about it at this point.

Something that would overthrow the notion that this phenomenon is important in bacteria.

An interesting and potentially important aspect of biology with relevance for how evolution occurs, but not something that would call it into question one way or the other.

Question 4

Learning about the history of scientific theories and the reasons for why they are initially accepted or rejected is important mostly because:

It makes for exciting story telling, and this is very much needed to get people interested in science.

It teaches us about the process of science as it actually occurs, which is somewhat different to the idealized notion of a purely objective undertaking.

It tells us which theories are definitely true or false.

It tells us that science is actually a totally subjective process that tries to present itself as objective. In reality, personal subjective factors are the only relevant factors that really matter in science.

mauvemammoth554

Exercise for writers (F):

Address each of the four following critical thinking areas to the statements listed below (B-F)

(I have already completed (A) so you can use it as a reference)

1. Find the conclusion- try to summarize it short enough so a person driving 65mph could read it on a billboard.

2. Establish the premise-

3. Distinguish between fact, opinion, & reasoned (using both fact & opinion) arguments by evaluating its validity

Validity/Truth of a statement can be made by:

Personal experience, reference of an established authority on subject, internal consistency, plus consistence on facts we already know as true.

4. Distinguish faulty reasoning- which is in every one of the statements!

Please answer #1-4 (listed above) for the each of the following quotes:

F. âBut people talk about cap and tax and they arenât sure exactly what weâre talking about. Letâs get back to step one. What is the problem? Why do we have to have this tax in the first place? Itâs about carbon dioxide. Well, what is carbon dioxide? Letâs just go to a fundamental question. Carbon dioxide, Mister Speaker, is a natural byproduct of nature. Carbon dioxide is natural. It occurs in Earth. It is a part of the regular lifecycle of Earth. In fact, life on planet Earth canât even exist without carbon dioxide. So necessary is it to human life, to animal life, to plant life, to the oceans, to the vegetation thatâs on the Earth, to the, to the fowl that â that flies in the air, we need to have carbon dioxide as part of the fundamental lifecycle of Earth. As a matter of fact, carbon dioxide is portrayed as harmful! But there isnât even one study that can be produced that shows carbon dioxide is a harmful gas. There isnât one such study because carbon dioxide is not a harmful gas, it is a harmless gas. Carbon dioxide is natural. It is not harmful. It is part of Earthâs life cycle. And yet weâre being told that we have to reduce this natural substance and reduce the American standard of living to create an arbitrary reduction in something that is naturally occurring in the earth. Well weâre told the crux of this problem is human activity. Itâs humans that are creating more carbon dioxide! Is that true, or is that false? Well, carbon dioxide is a natural part of Earthâs atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is perhaps three percent of the total atmosphere thatâs in the Earth. So if you take a pie chart, and you have all of Earthâs atmosphere, carbon dioxide is perhaps three percent of that total. What part of human activity creates carbon dioxide? If carbon dioxide is a negligible gas and itâs only three percent of Earthâs atmosphere, what part is human activity? Human activity contributes perhaps three

percent of the three percent. In other words, human activity is maybe 3 percent

contributing to the 3 percent of carbon dioxide thatâs in Earthâs atmosphere. Itâs so

negligible â itâs a fraction of a fraction of a fraction of a percent â that it can hardly

be â be quantified.â (Spoken on the House floor on Earth Day, April 22, 2009, by Rep. Michele Bachmann)

Comments on this, i need a paragrapgh on comments abaout this...

Abortion keeps being a controversy because both sides of the spectrum have valid points. The side that is prolife it right about abortion being the termination of an organism. Their believe system states that murdering human being is wrong and since an unborn child is still a human child, then by default this should be condemned as a wrong thing. They also say they are helping the woman themselves because abortion can have âthe risk of breast cancer in those who had experienced an induced abortion was 50% higher than among other womenâ however the same study states âthe results across all epidemiologic studies of this premise are inconsistentâboth overall and within specific subgroups. The risk of breast cancer should be re-examinedâ. This means we should not jump in to conclusion because more studies need to be done before accepting something as fact. The side for pro-choice states that a woman should have the choice to make her own decision no matter if it is a good or bad decision. A decision that will change her live completely and most of the time make it harder for a woman to get ahead in life.

I am pro-choice, not because I like terminating live, I am actually pro-live of any type of organisms not just humans, but because woman who phase this problem should have their reason or really are not prepare to have a baby in a modern society, and as Mack T Brown said âThe value of a self-represented future resides within the person herself, as a feature of a richly complex mental life". Both sides of the argument go to the extreme to explain their case pro-choice and give the example of a raped woman. Pro-live give the example of that a baby is always a good thing. Both acceptable, however most woman are not in this spectrums, an example that is more relevant is a woman who does not have the emotionally and or financial maturity to make the choice that is to have a child. Physically a girl is ready to have a child when her menstrual cycle begins that is usually around 13. Most people would agree that a girl of that age will not have any type of maturity to take care of even herself less a child. Letâs not go far letâs say a girl of eighteen years old getting out of high school, she may have a rare emotional maturity at that age to have the child but in todayâs society impossible without any help from family members to take care of that child. How many hours will she work? How will she take care of the child? How will she go to school to better herself for the future to come? These girls that are asking themselves if they should have an abortion is not because it is something they would like to do, it is a hard decision to postpone taking that live changing decision before they are ready to do it and not be a burden in society.

The current abortion law is strict, so abuse of the law will be very hard to do. In the third trimester a woman would need 2 signatures of two physicians to be able to do an abortion. I personally think that this is great this way we can assure that there is no negligence from any party. The part of the law I do not agree with is that the law says that if during the abortion the baby is born alive they need to offer emergency services. This defeats the purpose of an abortion that as harsh as it sounds it is to terminate the pregnancy cycle before time.

RLG201H5 Study Guide - Final Guide: Sui Generis, Cultural Relativism, Agnosticism

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