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Basic teachings of early Buddhism
Three Characteristics/ Three Marks of Existence (trilakshana)
1.Impermanence (anitya/ anicca)
2.No self-identity (anātman)
3.Suf fering (duhkha)
5 Aggregates
(1) rūpa: corporeality or form; the material substances of the body
(2) vedanā: processes of sensations---pain, pleasure, lack of pleasure,
lack of pain
(3) samjñā: perception through the senses and the mind; the mental act
of labelling things
(4) sa skāras: volitional processes, producing impulses to do actions;
thought formations
(5) vijñāna: the process of consciousness which makes us aware of
various objects
Dependent co-arising /dependent arising/ interdependent arising (pratītya
samutpāda)
•All composite existence has a cause & conditions and is therefore without
substantiality
12 conditioning links that produce duhkha (suffering, dissatisfactoriness)
•This/that conditionality (idappaccayatā)
•Synopsis of the wheel of becoming:
(1)When this is, that is
(2)From the arising of this comes the arising of that
(3)When this isn’t, that isn’t
(4)From the cessation of this comes the cessation of that
Benares: site of the Buddha’s first sermon
The Four Noble Truths
(1)Life is suffering
(2)The cause of suffering is craving/greed
(3)There is a way to end suffering
(4)The path to cessation of suffering it the Noble Eightfold Path
Eightfold Noble Path
(1)Right Views/Understanding
•seeing through illusions (e.g. more wealth can bring us happiness)
•if our minds are defiled and untrained, suffering will follow us
(2)Right thoughts
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