BIOA01H3 Study Guide - Plasmid, Charophyta, Ciliate

• School: UTSC
• Department: Biological Sciences
• Course: BIOA01H3
• Professor: Bebhinn Treanor

Document Summary

Thrive almost everywhere, including extreme habitats hostile for most organisms. Classified into 2 domains bacteria and archaea. Unicellular with 3 common cell shapes: sphere (coccus), rod (bacillus), spiral (spirillus) Cell wall (peptidoglycan layer, outer membrane & plasma membrane) Archaeal ribosomes share some similarities with eukaryotic ribosomes. Bacterial cell wall maintains shape of cell and protects cell from environment/ bursting ina hypotonic environment. Most contain peptidoglycan (polymer of modified sugars cross-linked by short peptides) Some contain outer membranes which contain lipopolysaccharide (lps) Immune recognition binds to lps when pathogen detected. Positive (purple) negative (iodine washed away with ethanol, pink) Helps evade detection by immune cells (virulence factor) immune calls cannot recognize bacterial cell. Aids in attachment of bacteria to host surfaces. Sensory organelle; sensitive to external chemicals and temperature. New mutations can increase diversity quickly in fast reproducing species. Conjugation (dna transferred via pilus), transformation (uptake of foreign dna from surroundings), transduction (bacteriophages)