BIOB11H3 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Centromere, Eze, Transposable Element
Document Summary
Relatively slow and usually involve single base changes. Selection stabilizes the mutation: unequal crossing over. Divergence of function driven by mutation / selection. Chromosomal inversions, indels, translocations indel = insertion & deletion. Generally occurs during meiosis (formation of gametes in mammals wherein sperm & egg are produced) Normally, alignment of homologous chromosomes (one pair from father, one from mother) occurs precisely. Reciprocal genetic exchange generates complete sets of chromosomes. Unequal crossing over leads to one of the chromosomes having a duplicated segment (c), and another chromosome lacks a segment (c) Duplication (create gene family) and deletion (often lethal) Globin: protein of hemoglobin, an o2 carrier in blood. Mutations in promotors & coding regions result in different expression patterns of family members, with some slight differences in o2 carrying capacity. Adult stage end with 99% alpha & beta-globin gene. Insertion: foreign dna (viral/transposon) is integrated, usually random. E(cid:454)a(cid:373)ple of a(cid:374) i(cid:374)sertio(cid:374)al (cid:373)utatio(cid:374): me(cid:374)del(cid:859)s (cid:449)ri(cid:374)kled peas.