BIOB11H3 Study Guide - Summer 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Protein, Messenger Rna, Dna
BIOB11H3
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Lecture 1
Prokaryote and Eukaryote Cells Have Different Internal Structures
An Overview of Several Important Discoveries on The Nature of Gene
Gene as A Unit of Inheritance
Gregor Mendel experimented by cross breeding pea plants over a number of generations and
observed/followed different plant characteristics
Any given characteristic of the plant is governed by distinct units of inheritance. These distinct units are
called genes.
Each individual has two copies of a gene, one from each parent (inheritance). These alternate forms of
gene are called alleles. The alleles can be dominant or recessive.
oHomozygous: same copy
oHeterozygous: different copy
Each reproductive cell (called gamete) contained only one copy of the gene (allele) for a particular
trait. Therefore, the progeny will have two copies of the gene (2 alleles) for that trait – one from each
parent
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Dominant and Recessive Alleles
The alleles can be identical (homozygous) or non-identical (heterozygous)
Dominant Allele: The allele that determines the phenotype (observable trait) of an individual
If an individual is a heterozygote with one dominant and one recessive allele, the dominant allele will
mask the existence of the recessive allele.
Example:
o‘A’ is the dominant allele for tall height
o‘a’ is the recessive allele for short height
Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Prokaryote and eukaryote cells have different internal structures. An overview of several important discoveries on the nature of gene. Gregor mendel experimented by cross breeding pea plants over a number of generations and observed/followed different plant characteristics. Any given characteristic of the plant is governed by distinct units of inheritance. Each individual has two copies of a gene, one from each parent (inheritance). These alternate forms of gene are called alleles. The alleles can be dominant or recessive: homozygous: same copy, heterozygous: different copy. Each reproductive cell (called gamete) contained only one copy of the gene (allele) for a particular trait. Therefore, the progeny will have two copies of the gene (2 alleles) for that trait one from each parent. The alleles can be identical (homozygous) or non-identical (heterozygous) Dominant allele: the allele that determines the phenotype (observable trait) of an individual.
