BIOB11H3 Study Guide - Comprehensive Final Exam Guide - Protein, Messenger Rna, Dna
Document Summary
Prokaryote and eukaryote cells have different internal structures. An overview of several important discoveries on the nature of gene. Gregor mendel experimented by cross breeding pea plants over a number of generations and observed/followed different plant characteristics. Any given characteristic of the plant is governed by distinct units of inheritance. Each individual has two copies of a gene, one from each parent (inheritance). These alternate forms of gene are called alleles. The alleles can be dominant or recessive: homozygous: same copy, heterozygous: different copy. Each reproductive cell (called gamete) contained only one copy of the gene (allele) for a particular trait. Therefore, the progeny will have two copies of the gene (2 alleles) for that trait one from each parent. The alleles can be identical (homozygous) or non-identical (heterozygous) Dominant allele: the allele that determines the phenotype (observable trait) of an individual.
