BIOB50H3 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Rain Shadow, Photosynthesis, Earth
BIOB50H3
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
BIOB50H3
September 4th , 2018
Lecture 01:
Final is Cumulative!
What is ecology? Bunch of different fields that looks at different focuses of this.
Tends to start with individuals and can scale all the way up to the biosphere.
Ecology is often argues to be the oldest science. Figuring out what an animal needs to survive –
applied ecology, but ecology.
Pure ecology – focuses on theory – theologists such as Plato.
Major Questions:
1. What role do these species play.
2. How to they interact with each other and their environment.
The Scientific Process:
1. Starts with observation
2. Leads to hypotheses – causal explanations of the observations.
3. Leads to experiments.
4. Leads to results and conclusions and what needs to be done next.
Scientific process is an ongoing one.
The Physical Environment:
Salt marshes and Fresh water marshes differ in their salinity.
The Earth’s Energy Balance:
Looking at what energy comes into the earth and what happens to it. We focus on short-wave
radiation because long-ae radiatio is less likely to peetrate the earth’s atosphere.
Greenhouse gases only play a role in longwave radiation – what got converted to heat energy.
The more GHG the more heat is radiated.
Latent Heat Loss – Evapotranspiration.
Insolation is focused at noon because that is the highest angle at which we can get it.
Equinox = has 12 hours of sunlight and night. The highest insolation. Summer – highest, winter
– lowest.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Uplift causes a low pressure area where wind rushes from higher pressure systems into the
lower pressure area. This is what creates the Hadley cells.
Polar cells are driven by subsidence.
Trade Winds –Ferrel cells create these winds.
Westerlies – Hadley cells.
The Coriolis Effect:
Equator person would be moving further. So winds on the planet travels at different speeds –
faster speed at equator and lower at the poles. Wind travels in a straight line to it appears to
have moved at a different paces to a different area – this is the Coriolis effect.
This can only play a role in large bodies of air and water.
Prevailing winds: Water changes the temperature significantly. Closer to the ocean = more
stable conditions – called Meritime climate. Can be regional highs and lows and plays a role in
what happens to the air.
Thermohaline Circulation Patterns: This keeps areas of the world warmer than it would
otherwise be. Speed of ocewan currents is much slower than wind currents.
Great Ocean Conveyer Belt: heat move away fronm the equator.
Upwells: Wind moving parallel to land. When the deepest water is pulled up to the surface.
Deep water is the site of decomposition and thus it is very fertile.
Seasonality Dictated By Earth’s Tilt:
Watch video : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpjodYiwAxk
Noon – Overhead Sun.
21st/22nd of March – Spring equinox. Equator receives largest amount of solar radiation.
Average Annual Tmepratures:
WE ARE COLDER THAN AREAS IN SAME LATITUDE IN EUROPE BECAUSE GOLF STREAM WHICH
CARRIES WARM WATERS FROM THE EQUATOR.
Ocean currents also play a big role, so do mountains on annual temperatures.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Bunch of different fields that looks at different focuses of this. Tends to start with individuals and can scale all the way up to the biosphere. Ecology is often argues to be the oldest science. Figuring out what an animal needs to survive applied ecology, but ecology. Pure ecology focuses on theory theologists such as plato. Major questions: what role do these species play, how to they interact with each other and their environment. The scientific process: starts with observation, leads to hypotheses causal explanations of the observations, leads to experiments, leads to results and conclusions and what needs to be done next. Salt marshes and fresh water marshes differ in their salinity. Looking at what energy comes into the earth and what happens to it. We focus on short-wave radiation because long-(cid:449)a(cid:448)e radiatio(cid:374) is less likely to pe(cid:374)etrate the earth"s at(cid:373)osphere. Greenhouse gases only play a role in longwave radiation what got converted to heat energy.
