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BIOA02H3 Study Guide - Final Guide: Spermatozoon, Vascular Tissue, Lycopodiaceae

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1 Feb 2018

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BIOA02H3 Full Course Notes

BIOA02H3 Full Course Notes

Document Summary

Bryophytes: no cuticles, loss & uptake of water along whole surface, adapted to survive total desiccation, no vascular system, therefore, typically smaller in size. Imperfect adaptation for terrestrial life: mosses, hornworts. Lycophytes: conquering of dry land by vascular plants, waxy cuticle, stoma, vascular tissue, clubmosses, quillworts, spikemosses. Today, 75% of fern species are found in tropics. Tiny aquatic fern (azolla) to 25m tall tree ferns. 5: both generations are photosynthetic, still strong water dependence, prothallium/spermatozoids: bottleneck, even though sporophyte has cuticle & vascular system. Lycophytes: 2 generations are independent (ps, male gamete (spermatozoid) self-propelled over short distances, spores are wind dispersed over long distances. Gymnosperms: conifers, gingko, ephedra, welsitschia, gnetum, conifer cone bearer, gymnosperm naked seeds, wood. Angiosperms: angiosperm flowering (seed) plant; covered seeds", key innovation: pollination sydromes. Interpretation of life cycle (gymnosperms & angiosperms: gametophytes are dependent on sporophytes, male gametophyte (pollen) moved over short distances (pollination syndrome, seeds dispersed over long distances (seed dispersal syndrome)

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Related Questions

1. Select the true statements concerning tracheids.

	Tracheids are responsible foranchoring the plant to a substrate.
	Pterophytes lack tracheids but haveeuphylls.
	Without tracheids colonization ofland would not have been possible.
	All of the large dominant extantland plants are tracheophytes.
	Tracheids allow for efficienttransport of water over longer distances.

2. Plants lacking well-developed conducting systems such asmosses, liverworts, and hornworts have been called

angiosperms.

3.Select the true statements concerning gametophytes andsporophytes.

Both produce gametes.

Sporophytes are alwaysnutritionally dependent on the gametophytes.

Across all plant speciesgametophytes tend to remain small.

Only sporophytes produce eggs.

Antheridia are located on the gametophyte.

4. A waxy cuticle helps prevents desiccation. What is the costof this adaptation?

Slower H₂Otransport

Reduced gas permeability

Lowered light absorption

Increased exposure to damaging UVradiation

Increased susceptibility to pathogenic infection

5.Select the best answer to complete the following statement.Stomata are openings used by plants for the passage of

carbon dioxide, oxygen, and watervapor.

only carbon dioxide and spores orgametes.

only carbon dioxide and watervapor.

only carbon dioxide andpollen.

only oxygen and carbon dioxide.

6.One of the main distinctions between charophytes and landplants is the possession of a cuticle. Why do modern charophyteslack a cuticle?

Their tough seed coats negate theneed for a cuticle.

Cuticles aren't necessary whenliving in water.

Modern Charophytes make up for theabsence of a cuticle by have large numbers of stomata.

Charophytes have a haplodiplontic life cycle.

7.Select the following plant adaptations for the terrestrialenvironment that are correctly listed by their function.

Stomata allow for gas exchangebetween the plant and the atmosphere.

Tracheids protect againstdesiccation.

Stomata transport water aroundplant body.

Tracheids transport water and minerals around the plantbody.

8.What would be the simplest way for a non-botanist to confirmthat the fern is not a small palm?

Height, all ferns are verysmall

Lack of roots, palms have roots butferns do not

Leaf shape, only ferns havedissected leaves

Dots on the underside of the leaf, only ferns have sporangiaunder their fronds

9.Select the true statements relating to the colonization ofland by plants.

Desiccation is a much more commonproblem in terrestrial environments.

Cuticle layers reduce gasexchange.

Xylem tissue, seeds and stomata arefound on both plants and charophytes.

Without trachids land plant would not have been to able to growmore than just a meter or so tall.

10.Survival on land for organisms is difficult because of theproblem of

spore germination.

syngamy.

11. Well-developed vascular systems are absent in all of thefollowing except

Pterophytes.

12. Bryophytes, like ferns and certain other tracheophyteplants, require

soil to reproduce sexually.

water to reproduce sexually.

sunlight to reproducesexually.

air to reproduce sexually.

shade to reproduce sexually.

13.Plant success on the terrestrial landscape is linked to theevolution of all of the following except

	gas-filled air spaces.
	stems.
	specialized reproductivefeatures.
	specialized roots.
	increased area for photosynthesisin the leaves.

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