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BIOA02H3 : Lec09 - Fungi.docx

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School
UTSC
Department
Biological Sciences
Course
BIOA02H3
Professor
Mary Olaveson

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BIOA02H3 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary

Fungi diverged about 500 million years ago from branch shared with animals. Essential for well-being of most terrestrial ecosystems: fungi breakdown organic material and recycle vital nutrients. Despite their diversity fungi share key traits: fungi are eukaryotes. Most important common trait is how they derive nutrition: fungi are heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from outside of their body. Use enzymes to break down a large variety of complex molecules into smaller organic compounds that can be absorbed into their cells. Versatility of these enzymes contributes to fungal success. 5 fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotes. Fungal diversity is reflected in their: lifestyles, morphology, structure, reproduction. Mutualists: symbiotic interaction with living organism. Most are multicellular: body made up of mycelium which is anetwork of hyphae. Growing outward via the tips of the fungus. Surface area of mycelium enhances ability to absorb nutrients. Have rigid cell wall made of chitin (complex polysaccharide) Some fungi are unicellular: e. g. yeasts.

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Related Questions

Which of the following is NOT one of the uses of fungi?

Select one:

a. As a source of antibiotics.

b. To make drinks, like beer.

c. To produce fabrics like cotton and linen.

d. To make food, like bread.

e. As a direct food source: mushrooms, for example.

How do fungi get nutrients?

Select one:

a. They ingest organic material, break it down internally, and absorb the released nutrients through their digestive system.

b. Fungi use each of these methods to get nutrients.

c. They secrete enzymes that break down dead matter or living organisms and absorb the released nutrients.

d. They receive nutrients from other organisms that trade the nutrients for protection from pathogens.

e. They produce their own by photosynthesis.

Why is fungi's role as biodegraders so important to ecosystems?

Select one:

a. It transfers the energy from sunlight into sugars.

b. It provides nutrients and oxygen to the ecosystem.

c. It protects plants from harmful viruses and bacteria.

d. It keeps the level of prey animals down so they do not overwhelm the ecosystem.

e. It recycles and reuses organic molecules so they are not wasted.

Differentiate the major characteristics of each group ofmicroorganisms (bacteria,archaea,fungi,Protozoa,algae,viruses andhelminthes). Which groups of microbes are prokaryotes and which areeukaryotes?

Construct a table summarising the characteristics of groups oforganisms by their structure/function/metabolism

a) Bacteria vs Protozoa

b) Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

c) Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs