BIOC34H3 Study Guide - Aorta, Cardiac Output, White Blood Cell

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salmonraccoon778

3 Apr 2014

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Due date: friday, february 8, 2013 biob34 - lec60. A ctivity 1: studying the eff ect of blood vess el radius on blood flow r ate. Results: provide the data illustrating the effects of b l ood rate. The data can be presented either in tabular form or as a graph. (1 mark) ve ss el rad i us on blood flow. A ctivity 2: studying the eff ect of blood vis cos ity on blood flow r ate. The data can be presented either in tabular form or as a graph. (1 mark) v i s co s i t y on blood flow rate. A ctivity 3: studying the eff ect of blood vess el length on blood flow rate. The data can be presented either in tabular form or as a graph. (1 mark) ve ss el l eng t h on blood flow rate.

Related Questions

1) The neurotransmitters acetylcholine and norepinephrine are digested by enzymes that are located at the axon synapse or within the axon terminal of the neurons.

a)What are the names of these different types of enzymes?

b)Where are they located and what is the result of their enzymatic activity?

2) Explain how the Investigational New Drug process works as well as the four different phases of clinical trials. Why are some drugs still taken off the market after approval by the FDA?

3) A single IV injection of 100 mg drug with a half-life of 4 hours is administered to a young adult.

a) Plot drug concentration versus time on a graph making certain to clearly label.

b) How long will it take to eliminate > 95% of the drug?

c) If the volume of distribution is 4L, what is the clearance of the drug?

4) Many drugs are metabolized in the liver through the microsomal metabolizing system.

a) What specific enzymes are involved in this metabolism?

b) What are the main functions of these enzymes?

c) What are some factors that can contribute to individual drug metabolism variation? Explain.

5) Think of an emergency situation requiring immediate and intense physical exertion.

a) List as many body organs as you can and predict the desired level of activity [increased or decreased].

b) Which neurotransmitter would produce these effects and through what receptors?

6) It is interesting that a drug can produce a therapeutic effect and an undesired side effect in one situation, and that the same drug side effect may be considered a therapeutic effect in another situation. Explain this phenomenon using the drug promethazine as an example.

7) A patient brought into the emergency room is experiencing severe hypotension. Blood pressure reads 90/50.

a) What class of drugs is indicated for treatment and why?

b) What precautions should be observed when these drugs are administered?

c) What would be the first indication that too much drug has been administered?

8) Only certain drugs are capable of crossing the blood brain barrier.

a) How is the blood brain barrier different than barriers found in other areas of the body? Be specific.

b) What properties of drugs will make it more likely to cross the blood brain barrier? Explain your answers.

9) A 32-year-old, presents to the Emergency Department by ambulance with vomiting, confusion, salivation, and respiratory distress. The patient states that he was feeling fine until today when I started getting ill. He then vomits. During a physical exam you record the following information: Heart rate 45; Blood pressure 90/60; Respiratory rate 25; Temperature 36.6C; Pupils constricted. During your exam, 4 more ambulances arrive with patients with similar symptoms. You find out they were all riding in the same care on the Red Line when they began feeling ill.

a) What do you feel is happening and why?

b) Would you expect their symptoms to improve over time? Why or why not?

c) What drug would you prescribe to treat these patients and why?

10) Betty has diabetes and asthma. She also has developed high blood pressure, for which doctor just prescribed propranolol. One of your duties as a physicianâs assistant is to make sure patients are not prescribed drugs that are contraindicated because of other health problems.

a) What should you tell the doctor about Bettyâs prescription for propranolol and why?

b) Is there a more appropriate drug for Betty? Explain you answer.

Exercise Pharmacology

Chapter 1

1. Distinguish between pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacology.

2. How would you determine a drugâs doseâresponse curve?

3. What is meant by drug efï¬cacy? Potency?

4. How would you determine equipotent doses for two drugs of the same class?

5. What features of a drugâs action may make its pharmacokinetic properties more sensitive to exercise?

6. How might a drugâs volume of distribution be altered in the case of a person who is obese? A person who is elderly?

7. How might you explain an antagonist with partial agonist activity?

8. What are some of the ways that taking a second drug can affect the activity of the ï¬rst drugâor either drug?

Chapter 2

1. Bill is 60 years old and in reasonable shape. Working out on an elliptical machine, Bill sees that his heart rate is 135 bpm. Can you determine his ap-proximate exercise intensity without hooking him to a metabolic cart? What is he primarily burning for energy?

2. Your mother asks your advice about starting an exercise program. She is in pretty good health, but wants to drop some weight besides improving her cardiovascular health. What kind of exercise plan would you recommend to get her started? How would you explain to her the beneï¬ts of such a plan? After the initial couple of weeks, would you recommend any changes that might help her with her long-term ï¬tness goals?

3. Compare and contrast the three major muscle ï¬ber types in terms of their metabolism and fuel preference.

4. You are a graduate student working in an exercise physiology lab. You see a claim in a bodybuilding magazine about a supplement that rapidly increases power, strength, and muscle mass. How would you set up an experiment to test whether these claims are true?

5. Obesity is now considered by some to be reaching epidemic proportions. What is contributing to this trend, and what can be done?

Chapter 3

1. Compare and contrast the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

2. What is meant by allostatic load, and how does it differ from stressing over a single test?

3. Explain three ways drugs can affect the signals transmitted by nerve cells.

4. How might exercise lessen the effects of stress?

5. Describe some of the theories that attempt to explain the bodyâs paradoxical response to exercise.

6. What are the key physiological changes that occur during the ï¬ght or ï¬ight response? How do they help in survival?

Chapter 4

1. What is meant by âbeta-blockers with ISAâ? What advantages might these drugs have? Disadvantages?

2. What property makes some beta-blockers cardio selective?

3. What are the effects of beta-blockers on exercise physiology?

4. A serious walker (5 miles/day) notices that she has stopped losing weight since starting her new prescription of propranolol (non-cardio selective, without ISA). She also fatigues more quickly than she used to. What can you offer her as an explanation?

5. The NCAA and USOC have banned beta-blockers from many types of com-petition. Why?

Chapter 5

1. Bill, a deconditioned, recently divorced 50-something exec driving that new BMW, wants to drop some weight and look good. He has high blood pressure. What kind of exercise regime would you recommend?

2. Why do calcium channel blockers mostly affect smooth muscle, with little effect on skeletal muscle?

3. How do calcium channel blockers reduce blood pressure?

4. Mary enjoys running and likes to compete in 10K races and half marathons. She also is diagnosed with high blood pressure. What are her options for regulating her blood pressure while maintaining a training schedule and remaining competitive?

5. How do ACE inhibitors affect blood pressure?

6. How do ARBs affect blood pressure?