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GGRC45H3 Study Guide - Final Guide: Bloor West Village, Eglinton West, Lake Ontario

151 views37 pages
jadecrow274
4 Mar 2012
School
UTSC
Department
Geography
Course
GGRC45H3
Professor
Min- Jung Kwak

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Document Summary

Ta: seitzd@geog. utoronto. ca - bv448 thurs 11 am 12 pm. I sit at a mahogany table from honduras. The carpet on which it stands has been manufactured at kidderminster in. England from wool brought by a sailor from the river plate or new south wales. Globalization is difficult to define. Globalization scholars regularly debate what is actually meant by the term. However, most agree on two things: globalization is happening, globalization is a process of increasing interconnectedness. Between the old and the new world: all these are economically focused. (economic globalization focused) Measuring globalization: trade openness, fdi foreign direct investments, capital account restrictions, barriers to trade. Globalization includes social, political as well as economic factors. Kof index globalization: the index not only looks at economic it also looks at social and political globalization. Weights determined by objective statistical method. Variables transformed on 1- 100 scale, where higher values represent more globalization. Results in data for 122 countries, 1970- 2007.

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Related Questions

A Particle in a box
In order to answer the following questions you will need toconsideran infinite potential
well of length L, in which a particle has been confined.



1. For principal quantum number n=7, write code to calculatethenormalization constant.
Then, plot the probability density function for this state (usingL= 10).
2. Using the properly normalized wave equation from Question1,write code to determine
the expectation values <x> and <x2> . Is <x>oneof the most probable positions? Explain
why.
3. Using the properly normalized wave equation from Question1,write code to determine
the expectation values <p> and <p2> . Show the valueyouobtain for <p2> is equal to
2mE7 (where E7 is the energy of the n = 7 level). Remember that pisa differential
operator so you will have to use the diff command.
4. The uncertainty of a quantum measurement is defined on page222,Equation 6.41 (3rd
edition SMM). Using this equation calculate the uncertainties oftheposition and
momentum of a particle in the n = 5 state. Compute the productofthese uncertainties and
compare this with the prediction of the Heisenberguncertaintyprinciple.
Quantum oscillator
5. Repeat calculations in the previous question for the groundstatewave function of the
quantum oscillator. Comment on the obtained result.

You will be utiizing a basicoptic system.

The index of refraction of theplastic cylindrical lens depends on wavelength. Choose an anglewhich gives a good color separation and measure the index ofrefraction for blue and red light.

Question:How big is the difference in indices of refraction? How good is theapproximation that n is constant for thismaterial?

If this question doesnt make sense..then just answer ittheoretically speaking. That is how would we go about checkingwhether or not it conforms with the n as the constant for thematerial... Thanks!

Background info:

ThePhysics

The Law ofReflection

The law of reflection states that for a plane mirror, the angle ofincidence is equal to the angle of reflection, and that the tworays lie in a plane.

r

normal

. A light ray perpendicular to the surface has an angle ofincidence 0°.

The Law of Refraction –Snell’s Law

A ray of light passing from one substance (index ofrefraction

n1)into another (index of refraction n

2) across a plane boundary will be refracted. The angle the raymakes in one medium will be related to the angle in the secondmedium by the equation below, and that all rays lie in aplane.

(2)

Total InternalReflection

A ray incident on a medium with lower index of refraction willbe

totally internally reflected if sin θ1> n2/n1.There will be no transmitted beam for this incident angle. Ameasurement of the critical angle for total internalreflection can be used to determine the index of refraction of the substance.If n

2 = 1 (air), then the critical angle is:

sin θc = 1/

n

1. (3)

Polarization byReflection – Brewster’s Angle

If the angle between the reflected and refracted rays is 90°,then

tan θ

B = n2/n

1. (4)

At this angle, only light with polarization out of the plane ofreflection and refraction will be reflected. The reflected lightwill be completely polarized.

Figure3.

Refractionof Light Rays

Figure2.

Incidentand Reflected Rays

(1)

Always measure the angles with respect to the surface

In a circuit containing only resistors, the basic (though notnecessarily explicit) assumption is that the current reaches itssteady-state value instantly. This is not the case for a circuitcontaining inductors. Due to a fundamental property of an inductorto mitigate any "externally imposed" change in current, the currentin such a circuit changes gradually when a switch is closed oropened.
Consider a series circuit containing a resistor of resistance andan inductor of inductance connected to a source of emf andnegligible internal resistance. The wires (including the ones thatmake up the inductor) are also assumed to have negligibleresistance.
Let us start by analyzing the process that takes place after switchis closed (switch remains open). In our further analysis, lowercaseletters will denote the instantaneous values of various quantities,whereas capital letters will denote the maximum values of therespective quantities.
Note that at any time during the process, Kirchhoff's loop ruleholds and is, indeed, helpful:
.
Part A
Immediately after the switch is closed, what is the current in thecircuit?
Hint A.1
How to approach the problem
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:

zero
Answer not displayed
Part B
Immediately after the switch is closed, what is the voltage acrossthe resistor?
Hint B.1
Ohm's law
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:

zero
Answer not displayed
Part C
Immediately after the switch is closed, what is the voltage acrossthe inductor?
Hint C.1
A formula for voltage across an inductor
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:

zero
Answer not displayed
Part D
Shortly after the switch is closed, what is the direction of thecurrent in the circuit?
ANSWER:
clockwise
counterclockwise
There is no current because the inductor does not allow the currentto increase from its initial zero value.
Answer not displayed
Part E
Shortly after the switch is closed, what is the direction of theinduced EMF in the inductor?
ANSWER:
clockwise
counterclockwise
There is no induced EMF because the initial value of the current iszero.
Answer not displayed
Part F
Eventually, the process approaches a steady state. What is thecurrent in the circuit in the steady state?
ANSWER:





Answer not displayed
Part G
What is the voltage across the inductor in the steady state?
Hint G.1
Induced EMF and current
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
zero




Answer not displayed
Part H
What is the voltage across the resistor in the steady state?
ANSWER:
zero




Answer not displayed
Part I
Now that we have a feel for the state of the circuit in its steadystate, let us obtain the expression for the current in the circuitas a function of time. Note that we can use the loop rule (goingaround counterclockwise):
.
Note as well that and . Using these equations, we can get, aftersome rearranging of the variables and making the subsitution,
.
Integrating both sides of this equation yields
.
Use this last expression to obtain an expression for . Rememberthat and that .
Express your answer in terms of , , and . You may or may not needall these variables. Use the notation exp(x) for .
ANSWER:
=
Answer not displayed
Part J
Just as in the case of R-C circuits, the steady state here is neveractually reached: The exponential functions approach their limitsasymptotically as . However, it usually does not take very long forthe value of to get very close to its presumed limiting value. Thenext several questions illustrate this point.
Note that the quantity has dimensions of time and is called thetime constant (you may recall similar terminology applied to R-Ccircuits). The time constant is often denoted by . Using , one canwrite the expression

as
.
Find the ratio of the current at time to the maximum current.
Express your answer numerically, using three significantfigures.
ANSWER:
=
Answer not displayed
Part K
Find the time it takes the current to reach 99.999% of its maximumvalue.
Express your answer numerically, in units of . Use threesignificant figures.
ANSWER:
=
Answer not displayed

Part L
Find the time it takes the current to reach 99.999% of its maximumvalue. Assume that ohms and millihenrys.
Express your answer in seconds, using three significantfigures.
ANSWER:
=
Answer not displayed
seconds
Part M
Find the time it takes the current to reach 99.999% of its maximumvalue. Assume that ohms and henrys.
Express your answer in seconds, using three significantfigures.
ANSWER:
=
Answer not displayed
seconds
Part N
What fraction of the maximum value will be reached by the currentone minute after the switch is closed? Again, assume that ohms andhenrys.
Use three significant figures in your answer.
ANSWER:
=
Answer not displayed
Now consider a different situation. After switch has been closedfor a long time, it is opened; simultaneously, switch is closed, asshown in the figure. This effectively removes the battery from thecircuit.
The questions below refer to the time immediately after switch isopened and switch is closed.
Part O
What is the direction of the current in the circuit?
ANSWER:
clockwise
counterclockwise
The current is zero because there is no EMF in the circuit.
Answer not displayed
Part P
What is happening to the magnitude of the current?
ANSWER:
The current is increasing.
The current is decreasing.
The current remains constant.
Answer not displayed
Part Q
What is the direction of the EMF in the inductor?
ANSWER:
clockwise
counterclockwise
The EMF is zero because the current is zero.
The EMF is zero because the current is constant.
Answer not displayed
Part R
Which end of the inductor has higher voltage (i.e., to which end ofthe inductor should the positive terminal of a voltmeter beconnected in order to yield a positive reading)?
Hint R.1
How to approach the problem
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
left
right
The potentials of both ends are the same.
The answer depends on the magnitude of the time constant.
Answer not displayed
Part S
For this circuit, Kirchhoff's loop rule gives
.
Note that , since the current is decreasing. Use this equation toobtain an expression for .
Hint S.1
Initial and final conditions
Hint not displayed
Hint S.2
Let us cheat a bit
Hint not displayed
Express your answer in terms of , , and . Use exp(x) for .
ANSWER:
=
Answer not displayed