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Chapter 2: plagues, the price of being sedentary. Zoonoses/ zoonotic infections- animal infections transmitted to humans. Hunter- gathers small groups , human to human transmission were absent. 3 surge to human population: tool making revolution : killing meat, agriculture revolution: change from hunter-gather to farming, irrigation, human waste as fertilizer, politics, banking, urbanization (city building), domestication of animals, scientific- industrial revolution. Character and quality of the water supply, food and shelter. Human contact with animals ( big 5 sheep, goat, pigs , cows, horses) Accident of geography - different plants and animals available in different areas. Measles dogs and cattle smallpox cows , pigs and fowl. The disease of antiquity (500 bc- 700ad)- characterized by parasites with long lived transmission stages, as well as those involving person to person contact. Endemic- requires greater than few hundred thousand in population. Hematuria causes blood to appear in the urine, enlarged abdomens.

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