HLTB21H3 Study Guide - Plasticine, Miasma Theory, Calcification

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azurefish923

16 Feb 2011

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The red plague first described in spain 1735 as mal de la rosa. First appeared as a skin rash that covered the hands and feet and sketched an ugly butterfly pattern across the neck. early stages reddening of the skin might resemble a sunburn or inflammation due to contact with poison oak. The skin crusted and peeled away, showing the smooth and shiny skin below, tongue became reddened, burning sensation in the mouth , and diarrhea. Agra rough: associated with people who had a diet of corn, i. salas concluded that cause was spoiled corn infested with parasite verdet. Joseph goldberger experiment: every child under 12 years of age got 14 ounces of milk a day, and those under 6 years of age got 20 ounces. Eggs and fresh meet served 4 days a week. prevention adding fresh meat, milk, eggs, and vegetables to the diet: pellagra preventive factor (p. p)

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Enzyme Dysfunction in Disease (30 pts)

Protein kinases are key regulators of cellular physiology and, consequently, their dysfunction is associated with many diseases. Conversely, mutations and other defects sometimes help to illuminate gene function. Continuing with the exploration of the PI3K/AKT pathway, this exercise will seek to illuminate the role of certain residues and motifs in molecular functioning of AKT.

(1) Diseases associated with AKT1 mutations were identified in the first exercise. Following the same procedure and PUBMED searches, identify diseases associated mutations of AKT2 and AKT3 (some relevant papers are provided below).

(2) Through literature search or the references below, generate a table of disease-associated mutations of the above genes.

(4) Generate a hypothesis on the role of the PI3K/Akt in cancer or any other disease.

(5) Make predictions based on experiments that can be conducted in cell lines.

(4) Conduct sequence alignments of these proteins by selecting homologues from divergent species and identify the most highly conserved residues and motifs.

(5) Download the structure of AKT with and without ligands from the PDB and propose the consequences of the above mutations in protein function.

(6) Propose some experiments to test the predictions.

(7) Highlight three of the most highly conserved motifs on the protein structure and comment on their possible role in AKT function

silvercat77

Design an experiment in which you will test theeffect of an acidic fluid on enzymatic activity. (Recall: enzymesare proteins.) To complete this project, it may be useful for youto review the Scientific Method Tutorial (foundthe Course Content section of the classroom under the ScienceLearning Center link) and the Scientific Method lab (Lab 1),so that you can better understand how to design an experiment. Itmay also be helpful for you to review Lab 4 (Enzymes). As youreview Lab 4, you will be reminded that there are several factorsthat impact enzymatic activity: pH, temperature, and amount ofreagent. Feel free to refer to observations and information fromLab 4 as you complete the questions required in the Final AppliedProject (see the questions below).

As you design your experiment for this project,please remember that you are trying to examine how an acidic fluidwill modify the outcome of an enzymatic reaction. To successfullycomplete this project, you will need to identify the question(s)being asked in your experiment and the hypothesis that you aretesting. In your experimental design, youmust clearly explain what you are doing. That means that you willneed to identify the enzyme and the acid, as well as explain yourexperimental protocol (this information will help you to answerquestion 2). You must also thoroughlyexplain how the addition of the acidic fluid impacted the overallreaction process (this information will help you to answer question4).

Hint: Keep in mind that the acid will changethe environmental conditions of the experiment (for example, a lowpH value could change the shape of the active site on the enzymeprotein), without directly participating in thereaction.

please address the following:

1. What question are you asking? Clearly state yourhypothesis.

2. Design an experiment. Provide a detailed accountof the materials and methods used to conduct the experiment. Alsoinclude the methods for data collection and analysis.

3. Conduct the experiment and record your resultsbelow. What did you observe? Which samples showed bubbling?

4. Use your knowledge about factors that effectenzymatic activity to interpret your results. It may be necessaryfor you to refer to your lab manual and/or other resources. Whateffect did the acid have on the enzyme?

5. Was your hypothesis supported? What is yourconclusion? Explain your answer.

6. Cite all references used to complete your FinalApplied Project.

sangriabutterfly385

Design an experimentin which you will test the effect of an acidic fluid on enzymaticactivity. (Recall: enzymes are proteins.) To complete this project,it may be useful for you to review the Scientific Method Tutorial (found the CourseContent section of the classroom under the Science Learning Centerlink) and the Scientific Method lab (Lab 1), so that you canbetter understand how to design an experiment. It may also behelpful for you to review Lab 4 (Enzymes). As you review Lab 4, youwill be reminded that there are several factors that impactenzymatic activity: pH, temperature, and amount of reagent. Feelfree to refer to observations and information from Lab 4 as youcomplete the questions required in the Final Applied Project (seethe questions below).

As you design yourexperiment for this project, please remember that you are trying toexamine how an acidic fluid will modify the outcome of an enzymaticreaction. To successfully complete this project, you will need toidentify the question(s) being asked in your experiment and thehypothesis that you are testing. In your experimental design, youmust clearly explain what you are doing. That means that you willneed to identify the enzyme and the acid, as well as explain yourexperimental protocol (this information will help you to answerquestion 2). You must alsothoroughly explain how the addition of the acidic fluid impactedthe overall reaction process (this information will help you toanswer question 4).

Hint: Keepin mind that the acid will change the environmental conditions ofthe experiment (for example, a low pH value could change the shapeof the active site on the enzyme protein), without directlyparticipating in the reaction.

please address the following:

1. What question are you asking?Clearly state your hypothesis.

2. Design an experiment. Provide adetailed account of the materials and methods used to conduct theexperiment. Also include the methods for data collection andanalysis.

3. Conduct the experiment and recordyour results below. What did you observe? Which samples showedbubbling?

4. Use your knowledge about factorsthat effect enzymatic activity to interpret your results. It may benecessary for you to refer to your lab manual and/or otherresources. What effect did the acid have on the enzyme?

5. Was your hypothesis supported? Whatis your conclusion? Explain your answer.

6. Cite all references used tocomplete your Final Applied Project.

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HLTB21H3 Study Guide - Plasticine, Miasma Theory, Calcification

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