HLTA02H3 : study guide

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copperdonkey58

4 May 2011

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Lecture 7 notes: ageism, coined by robert butler, basically means discrimination against the elderly by virtue of their age, discrimination after the age of 65 is very evident. however, mandatory retirement @ 65 has been abolished: people assume there is impairment with age, sleep, north americans are not getting enough sleep. artificial light between dusk and retiring to bed suppresses the sleep hormone melatonin: artificial light an hour before one goes to sleep suppresses melatonin. hence difficulty in sleeping: 13-18 year olds are reporting to be the most tired, even more so than baby boomers. 1/10 people being woken up by emails/text messages every night: lack of sleep affects functioning in every department of life, hypothyroidism. a neurological disorder that results from low dopamine levels in the substantia nigra. parkinson"s possible linked to inflammatory disease: multiple sclerosis, a supposedly autoimmune disorder that results in the immune system turning on itself, symptoms include:

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I need a table for the significant peaks of the final product.

xperiment 10: Resolution of Racemic Ibuprofen and (adapted from McCullagh, Jornal of Chemical Ecarion. Determination of Optical Purit Question to be addressed by doing this experiment: H Vol 85, Jully 2008, P 419) another? How do we separate one enantiomer from Required Reading: Mohrig, Enantiomeric Analysg. Chapter 17, Sections 1-3 (pp. 240-248), "Optical Activity and 17 Before you come to lab: Prepare your prelab with introduction, safety data for the reagents to be used, answers to pre-lab questions, and procedure. BACKGROUND INFORMATION The ability to produce enantiomerically pure compounds is crucial to the fine chemicals ind ustries (pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, fragrances, etc). This ability is probably most mportant to the pharmaceutical industry, where approximately 80% of the drugs under development are chiral. Enantiomerically pure compounds can be produced by one of two methods- resolution and asymmetric synthesis. Resolution is the process in which the two enantiomers of a racemic mixture are separated. Asymmetric synthesis involves the use of a Chiral reagent or catalyst to create a new optically active molecule. In this experiment, you will separate a racemic mixture of ibuprofen into its R and S enantiomers. Ibuprofen belongs to a class of pharmaceuticals called non-steroidal anti- inflammatories, or NSAIDs. It is the active ingredient in Motrin and Advil, along with their generic equivalents. It is primarily used for pain relief and fever reduction. Of the two enantiomers, only one, the (S)-C+)-enantiomer, has the desired pharmacological activity, while the R enantiomer is inactive. Since the R-enantiomer is not harmful, most commercial ibuprofen is sold as a racemic mixture, but recent research indicates that using only the S enantiomer might be beneficial, so several companies are developing methods to produce the enantiomerically pure form of ibuprofen and related compounds. The resolution you will be conducting works by temporarily converting the pair of enantiomers, which have identical physical properties, into a pair of diastereomers, with different physical properties, by using a single enantiomer of a second chiral compound (the resolving agent). Ibuprofen is a carboxylic acid, which will react with an amine to make an ammonium carboxylate salt: NH (S,S) salt, insoluble in aqueous solution racemic ibuprofen (S)H-+a-phenylethylamine (R,S) salt, soluble in aqueous solution xperiment 10- Resolution

A 37 year old female presents to her physicianâs office with acute pain over her right flank and persistent abdominal pain. Additionally, she reports a 2 year history of generalized fatigue and depression associated with difficulty concentrating and significant mood swings. She has no history of drug or alcohol use and no significant family history. Following ultrasound examination she is diagnosed with a kidney stone. Laboratory tests of serum parathyroid levels reveal an abnormally high parathyroid hormone concentration of 125 pg/mL. The patient is further diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism and it is determined that exploratory surgery is needed. Once the parathyroid glands have been exposed they are visually and physically examined. On palpation a small mass is found on the right inferior parathyroid gland and removed. Parathryoid hormone levels were monitored until returning to normal limits.

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A 37 year old female presents to her physicianâs office with acute pain over her right flank and persistent abdominal pain. Additionally, she reports a 2 year history of generalized fatigue and depression associated with difficulty concentrating and significant mood swings. She has no history of drug or alcohol use and no significant family history. Following ultrasound examination she is diagnosed with a kidney stone. Laboratory tests of serum parathyroid levels reveal an abnormally high parathyroid hormone concentration of 125 pg/mL. The patient is further diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism and it is determined that exploratory surgery is needed. Once the parathyroid glands have been exposed they are visually and physically examined. On palpation a small mass is found on the right inferior parathyroid gland and removed. Parathryoid hormone levels were monitored until returning to normal limits.

Answer the questions below.

1. Given what you know about the function of the parathyroid gland what is another substance in the blood serum that you would expect to be outside of normal limits?

2. Predict which muscular structures the surgeon needs to reflect or cut to reach the parathyroid glands from an anterior midline approach. Identify which vascular and nervous structures will need to identified and avoided to prevent injury. If you need help visualizing this, Biodigital is a great tool to utilize.

3. What are the upstream regulators of parathyroid function? In other words, what is the normal flow of information to either stimulate or suppress parathyroid function?

4. What are the downstream effectors that the parathyroid hormone acts on? How does this explain the symptoms our patient presented with?

carminemole232

Suppose JCPenney and Macyâs were both vying to carry an exclusive line of Heidi Klum-designed outerwear. This would be an example of:

A. Parallel conflict.
B. Horizontal conflict.
C. Perpendicular conflict.
D. None of these.

It is common knowledge among consumers and retailers alike that apparel prices tend to be marked up artificially. Years of coupons and promotions have trained customers to wait for price reductions, only shopping at department stores when special sales are available. During the Great Recession, consumer confidence dropped and spending slowed dramatically. As the economy has improved, department stores such as Macy's and JCPenney have begun looking for ways to increase customer spending. Many department stores have once again turned to steep sales and special coupons, further encouraging the cycle of regular (lukewarm) business and sale-time frenzy.
Taking a different route, JCPenney moved to reduce the artificial markup so common to department store apparel. Borrowing Walmart's long-time "everyday low prices" strategy, JCPenney hoped to spur demand and reduce off-sale shopper apathy with basic contemporary apparel, promotions such as "Best Price Fridays," and special month-long values. Customers accustomed to receiving a coupon before shopping did not respond well to the new retail strategy, however, and JCPenney incurred substantial losses. The company launched an informative marketing campaign extolling the great values available without needing coupons or special sales, but the public remained unmoved. In April 2013, JCPenney ousted the man behind the change, Ron Johnson, as CEO and promised a return to coupon-based sales.

Dana Mattioli, "Penney to Tweak Message, but Not Its Strategy," Wall Street Journal, June 19, 2012, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001524052702303703004577476830407027186.html (Accessed March 26, 2013).
How could JCPenney have used shopper marketing to avoid alienating its customers and losing sales?

A. It could have partnered with brands to advertise the most desirable products.
B. It could have compared its loyal shoppers with brandsâ core target consumers.
C. It could have conducted a large-scale research project to gauge customersâ attitudes, perceptions, emotions, and behaviors.
D. It could have inspired managers to coordinate better, measure more, think more creatively, and move faster.
E. It could have done all of these.

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HLTA02H3 : study guide

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