MGEB11H3 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - List Of Wwe United States Champions, Euclidean Vector, Conditional Probability
12 Oct 2018
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Department
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MGEB11H3
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
MGEB11 – Lecture 1: Introduction to Descriptive Statistics
CHAPTER 1: What is Statistics?
Statistics = Quantitative Methods → A procedure to infer/predict the population based on sample
results
- A population is the universe under study.
o If size of population is manageable (small enough), we do the study on everyone in pop.
o If pop.size = too large i.e. the stud a’t e doe to eeroe i pop., e selet part
of the pop. ; A SAMPLE (study is then done on the sample)
▪ Sample results are used to infer the overall pop. result
- The components of statistics:
o Descriptive Stats → describing what we have seen in the data collected
▪ Graphs, numerical measures
o Inferential Stats →drawing conclusions on a population based on sample results
▪ Estimation
• Point estimation – a specific numerical value
• Interval estimation – a range/interval (e.g. 32-40%)
▪ Hypothesis Testing
CHAPTER 2: Descriptive Statistics – Graphs
We use graphs to describe the population or sample; many kinds of graphical description on the
population or a sample. This is NO unique way to draw graphs
A good graph should tell the audience what the data is saying. Softares like Eel, Stata, Pro…et
produce GOOD GRAPHS from data
- EXAMPLES:
o Market shares of computers - bar & pie charts
o House Prices in Toronto - scatterplot
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
o Age & Income
CHAPTER 3: Descriptive Statistics – Numerical Measures
1. Measures of Centre (Location)
a. The Average (mean) – sensitive to extremely large OR small observations
i. Let X,X,…,XN e oseratios o the hole population of size N . The average
(mean) is denoted by defined as:
ii. Let X, X,…, X e a saple of size . The saple aerage ea is deoted
absolute X, defined as:
** is a fixed value, but absolute X has values differing
from sample to sample**
b. Median – the value in the middle when data are put in order of magnitude.
i. EXAMPLE:
-4, -4, -2 ,-1, 0, 4, 6, 10, 10, 12, 12, 13
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Mgeb11 lecture 1: introduction to descriptive statistics. Statistics = quantitative methods a procedure to infer/predict the population based on sample results. A population is the universe under study. If size of population is manageable (small enough), we do the study on everyone in pop. If pop. size = too large (cid:894)i. e. the stud(cid:455) (cid:272)a(cid:374)"t (cid:271)e do(cid:374)e to e(cid:448)er(cid:455)o(cid:374)e i(cid:374) pop. (cid:895), (cid:449)e sele(cid:272)t part of the pop. ; a (cid:858)sample(cid:859) (study is then done on the sample: sample results are used to infer the overall pop. result. The components of statistics: descriptive stats describing what we have seen in the data collected, graphs, numerical measures. Inferential stats drawing conclusions on a population based on sample results: estimation, point estimation a specific numerical value. Interval estimation a range/interval (e. g. 32-40%: hypothesis testing. We use graphs to describe the population or sample; many kinds of graphical description on the population or a sample. This is no unique way to draw graphs.
