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AST101H1 : AST Review Questions From Chapter 1-5

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School
UTSG
Department
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Course
AST101H1
Professor
Clifford Orwin

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AST101H1 Full Course Notes
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AST101H1 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary

Tidal friction slowed rotation period until it matched orbital period. When someone observes the moon in 1st quarter phase, the moon observes the. The moon goes through a cycle of phases because it always has the same side facing the earth. Depends on mass and distance from ground. Orbital period and distance of one of j:5907824438. Orbital period = 2 x average distance ; p = 8, d avg = 4 au. Centre of mass of a binary star system. Point at which both masses would balance if connected. Comparing the maximum altitude of the sun at two cities. From venus, earth looks in its full phase. 2/3 the way from the centre of galaxy. Shift to a shorter wavelength = blue shift = moving closer. Always emits more radiation per unit of sa than a cooler one. Remember, electrons do not orbit the nucleus like planets do the sun.

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Related Questions

The toy on a spring illustrated energy conversion among what different forms?

a. Gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, and elastic potential energy.

b. Gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, and thermal energy.

c. Kinetic energy, elastic potential energy, and thermal energy.

d. Kinetic energy and elastic potential energy.

e. Gravitational potential energy and thermal energy

1. What is the gravitational potential of the sun-earth? The mass of the sun is 1.99×1030 kilograms and the mass of the earth is 5.98×1024 kilograms. The mean earth-sun distance is 150×106 kilometers.

2. What is the gravitational potential energy of the moon with respect to the earth? The mass of the moon is 7.35×1022 kilograms and the mass of the earth is 5.98×1024 kilograms. The earth to moon distance is 384400 kilometers.

In the example 12.5 (Section 12.3) in the textbook we ignored thegravitational effects of the moon on a spacecraft en route from theearth to the moon. In fact, we must include the gravitationalpotential energy due to the moon as well. For this problem, you canignore the motion of the earth and moon.

Part A
If the moon of mass m_{\rm M} has radius R_{\rm M} and the distancebetween the centers of the earth and the moon is R_{\rm EM}, findthe total gravitational potential energy of the particle-earth andparticle-moon systems when a particle with mass m is between theearth and the moon, and a distance r from the center of the earth.Take the gravitational potential energy to be zero when the objectsare far from each other. Take the mass of earth as m_{\rm E}.

Part B
There is a point along a line between the earth and the moon wherethe net gravitational force is zero. Use the expression derived inpart (a) to find the distance of this point from the center of theearth.

Part C
With what speed must a spacecraft be launched from the surface ofthe earth just barely to reach this point?

Part D
If a spacecraft were launched from the earth's surface toward themoon with an initial speed of 11.2 {\rm km/s}, with what speedwould it impact the moon?