BIO120H1 Study Guide - Gene Pool, Eye Color

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11 Jan 2011

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BIO120H1 Full Course Notes

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El nina -> harder seeds -> finches w/ bigger beaks survived better. Avg beak size of surviving indivi + progeny inc. El nino -> smaller seeds ->smaller beaks survive better. Capacity of pop to rsp to changes in env. Traits of indivi w/in pop = continually adjusted to changes in env. Indivi w/ particular makeup prod greater # of offspring. Some variations of genes will be passed on to future generations more freq vs. others. Pop evo + indivi rsps enable species to adapt to cond of its env. Phenotype = outward expression of an indivi"s genotype. Phenotype = outward expression of genotype in indivi"s structure + function. Rendering/expression of genotype in form of an org. Genetic makeup of indivi sets limits on phenotype expression. Phenotypic traits have genetic basis + influenced by variations in env. Behavioral + physiological rsps of indivi to exhibit diff rsps to env. Alleles = diff forms of a particular gene.

Related Questions

Suppose a starting population contained six individuals. Each pair of individuals had a different genetic makeup (genotype) from the others (genotypes: G-1, G-2, and G-3). The genotypes vary with respect to reproductive rate and offspring survival. Suppose G-1 has 8 offspring that survive to reproduce, G-2 produces only 4 surviving offspring over its lifespan, and G-3 leaves 12 surviving offspring.

a) If the average individual produces 8 offspring by the end of its lifespan, will the reproductive differences among genotypes alter the population growth rate?

b) How would the reproductive differences among genotypes alter the genetic composition of the population by T9? And by T500? (Assuming at T0 we start with one individual of each genotype.)

c) Suppose that the genotypes have the same birth rates as shown above at low density, but genotypes 1 and 3 experience greater effects of density dependence on birth rate than 2. What might happen to the relative frequency of this genotype by T500?

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When the frequency changes in the next generation - is it because individuals with the less fit phenotype change to the more fit phenotype before reproducing? Or is it because individuals with the less fit phenotype, on average, contribute fewer offspring to the next generation?

1. A person is described as a carrier for a particular genetic disease. What does this tell you about their genotype?

2. For any given gene, the principle of independent segregation predicts that each gamete produced as a result of meiosis will contain ____________________

3. A pair of alleles is said to be heterozygous when:

4. In a diploid species, cells can have up to ___ alleles of a particular gene.

5. In a cross between a homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent, the number of phenotypic classes observed in the offspring is ______

6. For a person of genotype Xx, the genotype of their gametes may be ______________

7. In a "test cross", an individual of unknown genotype is crossed with a ___ individual to determine the unknown genotype.

8. An albino woman has a child with a phenotypically normal man with no family history of albinism (which is a rare recessive disorder). What percentage of their children are likely to be albino?

9. An individual with the dominant phenotype, but an unknown genotype, is test-crossed, and all of the offspring exhibit the dominant phenotype. The genotype of the unknown individual is ______________

10. If two heterozygous individuals for a recessive disease (carriers) have a child, what is the chance that their child will develop the disease?

11. In a monohybrid cross between two true-breeding parents that both exhibit the dominant phenotype, ___ percent of the offspring will exhibit the recessive phenotype.

12. In a particular type of tomato plant, red fruit is dominant over yellow fruit, and dwarf height is a recessive trait. If two heterozygous plants were crossed, what proportion of the offspring would show the dominant phenotype?

13. In a cross between a BbRr individual and a BBRR one, what do the following represent: BR, Br, bR, br?

14. In humans, the gene that determines whether an embryo develops as a male or a female is carried on _____________

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BIO120H1 Study Guide - Gene Pool, Eye Color

BIO120H1 Full Course Notes

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