BIO130H1 Study Guide - Final Guide: Transcription Factor Ii E, Cleavage And Polyadenylation Specificity Factor, Intron

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4 Jun 2015
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BIO130H1 Full Course Notes
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Eukaryotes 1000 x larger than pro. eukaryotes evolves from prokaryotes by phagocytosis (cell-eating) have double-membranes (chloroplasts, mitochondria) 20th and 21st: model species approach model species: small reproductive size, short life-span, rapid development, tractability (ease of modification) eukaryote: coli, cerevisiae budding yeast, elegans, thaliana, musculus. Aas of similar properties have similar triplet codes (polar, nonpolar, charged, unique) 1-4% eurasian dna from neandethals mitochondrial and chloroplast genome small, circular, some genes also in nucleus complexity and size not related to genome size. 50% repeated, 50% non-repeated, 1. 5% codes proteins protein coding genes = codon + intron nonrepetitive, not intron or codon segmental duplications (big chunks of repeats) simple sequence repeats (microsatellites) Lines long interspersed nuclear elements not junk; structural role. Naps: nucleoid-associated proteins polyamines (+ly charged, prevent repulsion) topoisomerase supercoils dna transcription can still occur. One in prokaryotes, replicated in both directions (2 forks) One-many in eukaryotes, replicates in one direction (1 fork) for ea/ origin fork is asymmetrical.

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