BIO251H1 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Middle Lamella, Microfibril
Document Summary
The principle components are the endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi apparatus. Others include the plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, tonoplasts and various vesicles. These are an interconnected system called the endomembrane system. Act to attract insects and other animals (coevolution) to cross-pollinate. Leucoplasts: lack pigments, amyoplasts, they synthesize starch. Proplastids: colourless, undifferentiated in meristematic (dividing) cells of roots and shoots. Precursors of other plastids: list the cellular structures that are needed to synthesize a protein and transport it to the cell wall. Initiation: smaller ribosomal subunit attaches to the 5" end of the mrna. trna binds to the aug codon on the mrna. The larger ribosomal subunit locks onto place: elongation: second trna w/ attached amino acid moves onto a site, bond forms, previous trna breaks off, repeat, termination: termination codon, cleaved from the last trna and the two subunits separate. Nuclear envelope; ribosome; microtubule; endoplasmic reticulum; golgi apparatus: almost every living plant cell has mitochondria.
