[CSC258H1] - Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (26 pages long!)

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29 Nov 2016
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Computers are physical things, therefore they have certain limitations: All data is stored as ones and zeroes at the lowest level. Integers are stored as ones and zeroes e. g 1234 -> 10011010010. Usually integers can have 2^32 different values(but this depends on language and architecture) In hardware, true and false refers to electrical voltage values on the wires. True, or one- predefined voltage difference relative to the ground (we use 5 volts in labs) False, or zero-little to no voltage at that point, 0 v. Gates are like switches, which control whether an output wire will have a high value (5v) or a low value (0v) Switches are physical devices for manually closing a circuit. Gates consist of transistors, which are semiconductor devices that close a circuit electrically. Either a or b switch must be closed for the output to be 1. Both switches must be closed for the output to be 1.

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