ENG364Y1 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Slavery, Stereotype, Spanish Language

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12 Oct 2018
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ENG364Y1
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
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12/09/18
Lecture 1: Intro to American Literature
-belladonna: deadly nightshade; used in witchcraft; women used it to dilate pupils
-1866: gave meaning to the Civil War -> end of slavery
-rebuilt
-trains: symbol of modernity; goods/people being moved
-books could be moved -> literary market place
-middle class could not access them more easily
-authors being known outside of US (needed presence in Europe)
-nature vs. culture: false dichotamy
-many people put money into the railroad; ripped off the government
-idealism
-after the civil war, the railroads had to be rebuilt (symbol of modernity becomes ambivalent)
Paul’s Case
-forwards backwards motion (starts in Pittsburg - jumps in front of Pennsylvania line which
goes backwards)
-threat of modernity
-all about money (the threat to Paul’s idealistic life)
-Cordelia Street: refer to Cordelia in Shakespeare (not a good fate)
-middle class
-representation of his misery; doesn’t want to be like everyone else on the street
-stories of wealth and excess come from robber bearings
-conformity that Paul needs to escape
-idea of American dream
-desire from wealth and privilege derive from somewhere
-title -> psychological study
-confined in a box
-condition
-mental case
-forensic case
-physiological cases on mental patients being tested on
-engineer a race -> master race; breeding
-moves away from active-based to identity-based
-cause of actions are coming in during this time
-people being diagnosed more during this time - idea of it not as a condition but identity
-colonialism
-science can tell us everything; can be disinterested
-obsession with diagnosing and fixing things
!1
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-degeneration: idea that race will degenerate as it moves down the line if you have the wrong
race mixed in there (Eugenics)
-mixing races -> degenerate offspring -> to be exterminated
-wrong people are having too many children; right people are not having enough
-Paul’s mother: “weak”
-concerned with what makes a person the way they are
-concern with identity
-suggests something weak with Paul (physiologically and psychologically): description of skin
-is there something genetically wrong with him? (mother?)
-Cather took a lot of that out of later editions
-medical druidical discourse
-during this period, doctors began testifying in court -> verifying them
Perspective
-not much internal insight/perspective; not entirely sure what he’s thinking about
-3rd person; objective
-like a psychologist reporting what is being seen
-close up and then pulling back into his character in terms of sympathy
-ambivalence about Paul
-red carnation: offends teachers; perhaps too flamboyant at the time
-against the norm
-signals aestheticism movement
-in the hotel room
-seeks other carnations in glass cases (alive in the snow because they are in glass cases) -
what Paul is like? (can only be kept alive by artificial means)
-takes the carnation off and buries it in the snow before his suicide (represented his life)
-aestheticism: art for arts sake
-how things look
-natural appeal should appeal more than nature
-Oscar Wilde
-Cather = bothered by that dandy attitude; bothered by aestheticism movement
-Paul is not an artist; it’s only a means to an end
-not romantic about art
-repetitions and parallels in the story
-performance: always thinks he’s being watched/judged? - surveillance
-gender performance offends people?
-ellipses: things that are missing in the story; gaps
i.e. we don’t know of the unattractive things he’s done
-language about gender and sexual conformity is similar around Paul - what is unspeakable
about him
!2
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Document Summary

Belladonna: deadly nightshade; used in witchcraft; women used it to dilate pupils. 1866: gave meaning to the civil war -> end of slavery. Trains: symbol of modernity; goods/people being moved. Books could be moved -> literary market place. Middle class could not access them more easily. Authors being known outside of us (needed presence in europe) Many people put money into the railroad; ripped off the government. After the civil war, the railroads had to be rebuilt (symbol of modernity becomes ambivalent) Forwards backwards motion (starts in pittsburg - jumps in front of pennsylvania line which goes backwards) All about money (the threat to paul"s idealistic life) Cordelia street: refer to cordelia in shakespeare (not a good fate) Representation of his misery; doesn"t want to be like everyone else on the street. Stories of wealth and excess come from robber bearings. Desire from wealth and privilege derive from somewhere. Physiological cases on mental patients being tested on.

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